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Medical Abbreviations > Cardiology and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Cardiology and Lymphatics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ablation

A

therapeutic destruction of a body part, pathway, or function using surgery, chemicals, electrocautery, or radio frequency

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2
Q

angioplasty

A

endo-vascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels

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3
Q

apical pulse

A

pulse felt or heard over the apex of the heart

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4
Q

artifact

A

signal interference on an ECG caused by patient movement, faulty equipment, or other factors

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5
Q

blood pressure

A

tension exerted by blood against the arterial walls during ventricular contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

cardiac cycle

A

one complete contraction and relaxation cycle of the heart

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7
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of normal sinus rhythm by chemical or electrical means

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8
Q

depolarization

A

electrical change in cells in which the inside becomes positive in relation to the outside

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9
Q

diastole

A

pariod of cardiac muscle relaxation when blood is filling the chambers of the heart and blood pressure is lowest

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10
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record or tracing of electrical activity of the heart

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11
Q

electrocardiograph

A

instrument used to record an electrocardiogram

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12
Q

electrocardiography

A

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

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13
Q

ligation

A

application of a band, thread, or wire to tie a blood vessel or other structure in order to constrict or fasten it

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14
Q

lumen

A

space within a vessel or other tubelike structure

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15
Q

lymph

A

clear, colorless, alkaline fluid found within lymph vessels made up of water, protein, salts, urea, fats, and white blood cells

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16
Q

palpitation

A

sensation of rapid or irregular beating of the heart sometimes described as a thudding or fluttering sensation

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17
Q

perfusion

A

circulation of blood, nutrients, and oxygen through tissues and organs

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18
Q

phagocytosis

A

process in which specialized white blood cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, foreign antigens, and cellular debris

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19
Q

pressure point

A

point at which an artery may be compressed to decrease blood flow in the event of hemorrhage

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20
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation throughout the entire body

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21
Q

systole

A

period during contraction of chambers of the heart when blood pressure is the highest

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22
Q

systolic pressure

A

tension exerted against arterial walls during ventricular contraction and represented by the top number in a blood pressure reading

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23
Q

troponin

A

protein that is released into the blood by damaged heart muscle and, therefore, a highly sensitive and specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction

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24
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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25
Q

adenoma

A

tumor of a gland

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26
Q

angi/o

vas/o

A

Vessel

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27
Q

angioedema

A

swelling of a vessel

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28
Q

vasorhaphy

A

suture of a vessel

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29
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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30
Q

aortostenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the aorta

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31
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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32
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of the artery

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33
Q

ather/o

A

thick, fatty

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34
Q

atheroma

A

thick, fatty tumor

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35
Q

atri/o

A

atria

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36
Q

atrioventricular

A

pertaining to the atria and ventricles

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37
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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38
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of a rapid heart

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39
Q

electr/o

A

electric

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40
Q

electrocardiogram

A

electrical recording of the heart

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41
Q

hem/o

hemat/o

A

blood

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42
Q

hemolytic

A

pertaining to destruction of the blood

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43
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

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44
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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45
Q

lymphoma

A

lymph tumor

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46
Q

phleb/o

ven/o

A

vein

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47
Q

phleborrhexis

A

rupture of a vein

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48
Q

venostasis

A

stopping of a vein (slowed blood flow)

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49
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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50
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

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51
Q

thromb/o

A

thrombus (clot)

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52
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein in the presence of a clot

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53
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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54
Q

ventriculostomy

A

mouthlike opening of the ventricle

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55
Q

brady-

A

slow

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56
Q

bradycardia

A

condition of a slow heart

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57
Q

micro-

A

small

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58
Q

microcardia

A

condition of a small heart

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59
Q

supra-

A

above

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60
Q

supraventricular

A

pertaining to above the ventricles

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61
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

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62
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of a rapid heart

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63
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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64
Q

thrombocyte

A

clotting cell ( in regards to platelets)

65
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

66
Q

phlebocentesis

A

surgical puncture of a vein (phlebotomy)

67
Q

-edema

A

swelling

68
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by lymph fluid

69
Q

-emia

A

condition of the blood

70
Q

leukemia

A

a condition of white blood cells (malignancy of the blood)

71
Q

-genesis

A

creating, producing

72
Q

hemogenesis

A

creating or producing blood

73
Q

-gram

A

record

74
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of heart electricity

75
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

76
Q

angiography

A

recording of a vessel

77
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

78
Q

hematologist

A

specialist in the study of blood

79
Q

-lysis

A

destruction

80
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of blood

81
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

82
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

83
Q
  • ole

- ule

A

small

84
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

85
Q

venule

A

Small vein

86
Q

-pathy

A

disease

87
Q

adenopathy

A

diseased gland

88
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

89
Q

erythrocytopenia

A

deficiency of red blood cells

90
Q

-rrhage

A

bursting forth

91
Q

hemorrhage

A

bursting forth of blood (severe bleeding)

92
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

93
Q

pleborrhexis

A

rupture of a vein

94
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture, suturing

95
Q

vasorrhaphy

A

suturing of a vessel

96
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, stricture

97
Q

aortostenosis

A

narrowing or stricture of the aorta

98
Q

anemia

A

reduction in the mass of circulating red blood cells

99
Q

aneurysm

A

dilation in the wall of a blood vessel due to weakness or a congenital defect

100
Q

angina

A

chest pain or pressure caused by insufficient oxygen supply to the heart muscle

101
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heart rhythm

102
Q

arterial occlusion

A

blockage of blood flow through an artery

103
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening and loss of elasticity and contractility in artery walls

104
Q

artherosclerosis

A

condition in which fatty plaque deposits accumulate on the inner walls of arteries

105
Q

bruit

A

abnormal arterial or venous swishing sound heard on auscultation

106
Q

cordiomyopathy

A

any of several diseases that affects the heart muscle

107
Q

crackles

A

abnormal lung sound heard on auscultation that is produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or the sudden opening of collapsed alveoli

108
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot within a vein deep in the legs

109
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter floating in the blood

110
Q

endocarditis

A

infection or inflammation of the valves and inner lining of the heart

111
Q

heart failure

A

inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body’s needs

112
Q

hypertension

A

condition in which blood pressure is higher than 140/90 on three separate readings that are several weeks apart

113
Q

eschemia

A

temporary reduction in blood supply to a localized area of tissue

114
Q

leukemia

A

malignancy of the blood in which immature blood cells multiply at the expense of other cells

115
Q

murmur

A

blowing or swishing sound in the heart due to turbulent blood flow or back-flow through a leaky valve

116
Q

myocardial infarction

A

loss of living heart muscle as a result of coronary artery occlusion; also called a heart attack

117
Q

orthopnea

A

labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and is relieved by sitting upright

118
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

episodic dyspnea a night that occurs repeatedly and without warning

119
Q

petechiae

A

small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin that appear in patients with platelet deficiencies and in many febrile illnesses

120
Q

postphlebitic syndrome

A

condition sometimes following deep vein thrombosis in which the individual experiences chronic edema and aching

121
Q

prehypertension

A

condition in which systolic blood pressure measures between 120 and 140, diastolic blood pressure measures between 80 and 90 or both

122
Q

premature atrial contraction

A

heartbeat stimulation by a group of irritable cells in the atria other than the SA node

123
Q

premature ventricular contraction

A

heartbeat stimulated by a group of irritable cells in the ventricles

124
Q

primary hypertension

A

hypertension that has no identifiable cause; also called essential hypertension

125
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs

126
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

obstruction of a pulmonary artery from an embolus

127
Q

rhonchi

A

low-pitched snoring, squeaking, or gurgling sound heard during auscultation of the lungs and caused by partial airway obstruction from mucus

128
Q

secondary hypertension

A

hypertension caused by an identifiable factor

129
Q

shock

A

syndrome marked by inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of cells, tissues, and organs due to low blood pressure

130
Q

venous stasis

A

sluggish blood flow caused by venous congestion

131
Q

varicose vein

A

enlarged, dilated vein

132
Q

acquired immunedeficiency syndrome

A

late-stage infection with the human immunodeficiency virus

133
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant lymphoma characterized by giant Reed-Sternberg cells

134
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes due to local or regional infection or tumor growth

135
Q

lymphosarcoma

A

cancer of the lymphatic tissue not related to Hodgkin disease

136
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection with the Epstein-barr virus, which causes sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

137
Q

non-Hoodgkin lymphoma

A

group of malignant tumors of B or T lymphocytes

138
Q

AIDS

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DECENCY SYNDROME

139
Q

ASHD

A

arteriosclerotic heart disease

140
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

141
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

142
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

143
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

144
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio

145
Q

LA

A

left atrium

146
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

147
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

148
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

149
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

150
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

151
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

152
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

153
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

154
Q

PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

155
Q

RA

A

right atrium

156
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

157
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

158
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

159
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

Medical Abbreviations (17 decks)

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