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Medical Abbreviations > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absorption

A

Process of transferring nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream

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2
Q

alimentary canal

A

route of digestion that includes all structures from the mouth to the anus, excluding accessory organs of digestion; also known as the digestive or GI tract

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3
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated (chewed) food

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4
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

circular muscle at the top of the stomach that allows food from the esophagus to enter the stomach

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5
Q

chyme

A

mixture of partially digested food and saliva

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6
Q

defecation

A

passage of feces from the bowels

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7
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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8
Q

digestion

A

chemical and physical breakdown of food in the GI tract

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9
Q

enema

A

introduction of a solution into the rectum to stimulate bowel activity

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

uppermost cartilage of the larynx

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11
Q

excretion

A

process of eliminating waste products of digestion

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12
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who diagnosis and treats disorders of the GI tract

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13
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of the GI tract

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14
Q

glucagon

A

hormone that cleaves bonds in glycogen to release glucose

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15
Q

insulin

A

hormone that binds to glucose allowing its transport from the bloodstream to the tissues

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16
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing food

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17
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike muscular contractions that move food down the esophagus

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18
Q

rugae

A

folds on the internal surface of the stomach

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19
Q

saliva

A

oral secretions that moisten food for tasting, chewing, and swallowing

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20
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the upper mouth that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

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21
Q

villi

A

projections of the small intestines that absorb water and nutrients

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22
Q

an/o

A

anus

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23
Q

anal

A

relating to the anus or outer rectal opening

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24
Q

append/o

appendic/o

A

appendix

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25
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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26
Q

appendicolysis

A

surgery to free the appendix from adhesions

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27
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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28
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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29
Q

cheil/o

labi/o

A

lip

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30
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

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31
Q

labionasal

A

pertaining to the lips and nose

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32
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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33
Q

cholangioma

A

tumor of the bile duct

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34
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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35
Q

choleresis

A

secretion of bile by the liver

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36
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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37
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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38
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

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39
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

stone of the bile duct

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40
Q

col/o

colon/o

A

colon

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41
Q

colopexy

A

fixation of a segment of the colon to the abdominal wall

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42
Q

colonopathy

A

any disease of the colon

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43
Q

dent/o

odont/o

A

teeth

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44
Q

dentition

A

the type, number and arrangement of teeth

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45
Q

orthodontist

A

specialist concerned with positioning and alignment of teeth

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46
Q

duoden/o

A

dudenum

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47
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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48
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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49
Q

enterospasm

A

intermittent painful contraction of the intestines

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50
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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51
Q

esophagocele

A

hernia of the esophagus

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52
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

53
Q

gastrectasia

A

acute or chronic dilatation of the stomach

54
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

55
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

56
Q

gloss/o

lingu/o

A

tongue

57
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the tongue and pharynx

58
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

59
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

60
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

61
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

62
Q

ileostomy

A

surgery to create an opening from the ileum to the outside of the body (stoma)

63
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

64
Q

jejunorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of the jejunum

65
Q

or/o

stomat/o

A

mouth

66
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

67
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

68
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

69
Q

pancreatalgia

A

pain in the pancreas

70
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

71
Q

pharyngotomy

A

incision into the pharynx

72
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

73
Q

proctologist

A

specialist in diseases and disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

74
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

75
Q

pylorodiosis

A

dilation of the pylorus

76
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

77
Q

rectocele

A

hernia of the rectum

78
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

79
Q

sialolith

A

salivary stone

80
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

81
Q

sigmoidscopy

A

procedure to view the sigmoid colon

82
Q

dia-

A

through, across

83
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent discharge or flow of watery fecal matter from the bowel

84
Q

peri-

A

around

85
Q

perihepatic

A

around the liver

86
Q

sub-

A

under, below

87
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

88
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

89
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

90
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

91
Q

cholelithiasis

A

condition of gallstones

92
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

93
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

94
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

95
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

96
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

97
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion, bad digestion

98
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

99
Q

polyphagia

A

eating large amounts of food, gluttony

100
Q

-prandial

A

meal

101
Q

postprandial

A

following a meal

102
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

103
Q

colitis

A

inflamed colon

104
Q

dysphagia

A

painful or difficult swallowing

105
Q

flatulence

A

excessive gas in the stomach and intestines

106
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

common condition where acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and sometimes erosion of the lining of the esophagus

107
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

108
Q

polyp

A

growth projecting from the mucous membrane

109
Q

pruritis

A

itching, tingling

110
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn

111
Q

ac

A

before meals

112
Q

ALT

A

alanine aminotransferase (liver enzyme test)

113
Q

AST

A

aspartate aminotransferase (liver enzyme test)

114
Q

BaE, BE

A

barium enema

115
Q

BM

A

bowel movement

116
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

117
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

118
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

119
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease

120
Q

IVC

A

intravenous cholangiogram

121
Q

LFT

A

liver function test

122
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

123
Q

NPO, npo

A

nothing by mouth

124
Q

pc

A

after meals

125
Q

PO,po

A

by mouth

126
Q

PR

A

per rectum

127
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

128
Q

SBO

A

small bowel obstruction

Medical Abbreviations (17 decks)

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