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Medical Abbreviations > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Process of transferring nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream

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2
Q

alimentary canal

A

route of digestion that includes all structures from the mouth to the anus, excluding accessory organs of digestion; also known as the digestive or GI tract

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3
Q

bolus

A

mass of masticated (chewed) food

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4
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

circular muscle at the top of the stomach that allows food from the esophagus to enter the stomach

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5
Q

chyme

A

mixture of partially digested food and saliva

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6
Q

defecation

A

passage of feces from the bowels

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7
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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8
Q

digestion

A

chemical and physical breakdown of food in the GI tract

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9
Q

enema

A

introduction of a solution into the rectum to stimulate bowel activity

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

uppermost cartilage of the larynx

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11
Q

excretion

A

process of eliminating waste products of digestion

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12
Q

gastroenterologist

A

physician who diagnosis and treats disorders of the GI tract

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13
Q

gastroenterology

A

study of the GI tract

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14
Q

glucagon

A

hormone that cleaves bonds in glycogen to release glucose

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15
Q

insulin

A

hormone that binds to glucose allowing its transport from the bloodstream to the tissues

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16
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing food

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17
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike muscular contractions that move food down the esophagus

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18
Q

rugae

A

folds on the internal surface of the stomach

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19
Q

saliva

A

oral secretions that moisten food for tasting, chewing, and swallowing

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20
Q

uvula

A

soft tissue hanging from the upper mouth that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

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21
Q

villi

A

projections of the small intestines that absorb water and nutrients

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22
Q

an/o

A

anus

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23
Q

anal

A

relating to the anus or outer rectal opening

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24
Q

append/o

appendic/o

A

appendix

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25
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
26
appendicolysis
surgery to free the appendix from adhesions
27
bucc/o
cheek
28
buccal
pertaining to the cheek
29
cheil/o | labi/o
lip
30
cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
31
labionasal
pertaining to the lips and nose
32
cholangi/o
bile vessel
33
cholangioma
tumor of the bile duct
34
chol/e
bile, gall
35
choleresis
secretion of bile by the liver
36
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
37
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
38
choledoch/o
bile duct
39
choledocholithiasis
stone of the bile duct
40
col/o | colon/o
colon
41
colopexy
fixation of a segment of the colon to the abdominal wall
42
colonopathy
any disease of the colon
43
dent/o | odont/o
teeth
44
dentition
the type, number and arrangement of teeth
45
orthodontist
specialist concerned with positioning and alignment of teeth
46
duoden/o
dudenum
47
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
48
enter/o
intestine
49
enterospasm
intermittent painful contraction of the intestines
50
esophag/o
esophagus
51
esophagocele
hernia of the esophagus
52
gastr/o
stomach
53
gastrectasia
acute or chronic dilatation of the stomach
54
gingiv/o
gum(s)
55
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
56
gloss/o | lingu/o
tongue
57
glossopharyngeal
pertaining to the tongue and pharynx
58
lingual
pertaining to the tongue
59
hepat/o
liver
60
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
61
ile/o
ileum
62
ileostomy
surgery to create an opening from the ileum to the outside of the body (stoma)
63
jejun/o
jejunum
64
jejunorrhaphy
surgical repair of the jejunum
65
or/o | stomat/o
mouth
66
oral
pertaining to the mouth
67
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
68
pancreat/o
pancreas
69
pancreatalgia
pain in the pancreas
70
pharyng/o
pharynx
71
pharyngotomy
incision into the pharynx
72
proct/o
anus, rectum
73
proctologist
specialist in diseases and disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
74
pylor/o
pylorus
75
pylorodiosis
dilation of the pylorus
76
rect/o
rectum
77
rectocele
hernia of the rectum
78
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
79
sialolith
salivary stone
80
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
81
sigmoidscopy
procedure to view the sigmoid colon
82
dia-
through, across
83
diarrhea
abnormally frequent discharge or flow of watery fecal matter from the bowel
84
peri-
around
85
perihepatic
around the liver
86
sub-
under, below
87
sublingual
under the tongue
88
-emesis
vomit
89
hematemesis
vomiting of blood
90
-iasis
abnormal condition
91
cholelithiasis
condition of gallstones
92
-megaly
enlargement
93
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
94
-orexia
appetite
95
anorexia
loss of appetite
96
-pepsia
digestion
97
dyspepsia
indigestion, bad digestion
98
-phagia
swallowing, eating
99
polyphagia
eating large amounts of food, gluttony
100
-prandial
meal
101
postprandial
following a meal
102
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
103
colitis
inflamed colon
104
dysphagia
painful or difficult swallowing
105
flatulence
excessive gas in the stomach and intestines
106
gastroesophageal reflux disease
common condition where acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and sometimes erosion of the lining of the esophagus
107
peritonitis
inflammation of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
108
polyp
growth projecting from the mucous membrane
109
pruritis
itching, tingling
110
pyrosis
heartburn
111
ac
before meals
112
ALT
alanine aminotransferase (liver enzyme test)
113
AST
aspartate aminotransferase (liver enzyme test)
114
BaE, BE
barium enema
115
BM
bowel movement
116
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
117
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
118
GI
gastrointestinal
119
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
120
IVC
intravenous cholangiogram
121
LFT
liver function test
122
NG
nasogastric
123
NPO, npo
nothing by mouth
124
pc
after meals
125
PO,po
by mouth
126
PR
per rectum
127
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
128
SBO
small bowel obstruction

Medical Abbreviations (17 decks)

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