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Physiology #4 > Pulmonary Ventilation > Flashcards

Pulmonary Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the zones in pulmonary ventilation?

A
  1. Conducting zone
  2. Respiratory zone
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2
Q

Function of conducting zone?

A

Conduction: (provide a route for incoming and outgoing air, remove debris and pathogens from the incoming air, and warm and humidify the incoming air)

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3
Q

Air is ________, _________, and filtered in the conducting zone.

A
  • warmed
  • humidified
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4
Q

The conducting zone contains ______, ________, and _______, which prevent the collapse of airways

A
  • cilia
  • mucus (respiratory escalator)
  • cartilage
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5
Q

Function of respiratory zone?

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

Alveoli (in alveolar sacs) are connected by ________ of ________ (lateral)

A

Pores of Kohn

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7
Q

The ________ zone contains less cilia, mucus, smooth muscle and cartilage.

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

Which zone contains elastic fibers?

A

Respiratory

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9
Q

The CONDUCTING zone has a ________ size cross-sectional area. This contributes to a _______ flow rate.

A
  • SMALLER cross-sectional area
  • HIGHER air flow rate
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10
Q

The RESPIRATORY zone has a ______ size cross-sectional area. This contributes to a _______ flow rate

A
  • LARGER cross-sectional area
  • SLOWER air flow rate
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11
Q

The CONDUCTING zone has _______ resistance (in _______)

A
  • HIGH resistance
  • in SERIES
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12
Q

The RESPIRATORY zone has ________ resistance (in _______)

A
  • LOW resistance
  • in PARALLEL
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13
Q

Function of Type I alveolar cells?

A

Responsible for gas exchange

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14
Q

Function of Type II alveolar cells?

A

Secretes surfactant (and can transform into type I cells when necessary)

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15
Q

Which type of alveolar cells is most common?

A

Type I

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16
Q

Primary Muscles of INspiration?

A

diaphragm, also external intercostals, SCM, serratus anterior, and scalenes

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17
Q

Primary muscles of EXpiration?

A

abdominal muscles and internal intercostals (passive)

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18
Q

Inspiratory muscles _______ (contract/relax) and _______ (increase/decrease) the volume of the thorax, which ________ (increases/decreases) the pressure in the thorax (alveolar & pleural)

A
  • contract
  • increases volume
  • decreases pressure
19
Q

During _________, air enters the alveoli, and there is an increased alveolar pressure until alveolar = atmospheric

A

inspiration

20
Q

At the end of inspiration (right before exhalation) ____________ pressure is the ___________ (greatest/lowest)

A
  • TRANSPULMONARY pressure
  • greatest
21
Q

During exhalation, inspiratory muscles ________ (contract/relax) and ________ (increase/decrease) volume of the thorax, which __________ (increase/decrease) the pressure in the thorax (alveolar & pleural)

A
  • inspiratory muscles RELAX
  • DECREASE volume in thorax
  • INCREASES pressure in thorax
22
Q

For air to ENTER the lungs: alveolar pressure must be _______ than atmospheric pressure

A

LESS

23
Q

For air to LEAVE the lungs: alveolar pressure must be _______ than atmospheric pressure

A

GREATER

24
Q
A
25
Q

Functions of Respiratory System:

A

A. Exchange of gases between atmosphere and the blood (external respiration)

B. Regulation of pH

C. Protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants

D. Vocalization

E. Route for water and heat loss

26
Q

4 versions of gas exchange:

A
  1. Ventilation: air moves in and out of lungs
  2. Gases diffuse between alveoli and blood
  3. Blood carries gas through body
  4. Gases diffuse between blood and tissues
27
Q

Where does the visceral pleura attach?

A

Attaches to the surface of the lung

28
Q

What does the parietal pleura cover?

A

Covers surface of chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum

29
Q

What is contained in the pleural space?

A

Contains very thin layer of pleural fluid under NEGATIVE pressure (called intrapleural pressure - Pip)

30
Q

What does Intrapleural pressure (Pip) ensure?

A

ensures the lungs are held to chest wall and will move with the chest wall during inspiration and expiration

31
Q

What is a pleural effusion?

A

excess fluid in pleural space, which makes lung expansion difficult so the person will breathe shallow and fast

32
Q

Right lung has how many lobes?

A

3 lobes

33
Q

Left lung has how many lobes?

A

2 lobes

34
Q

Each lung has zones that differ in the amount of _______ and _______

A

air (ventilation; V) and blood (perfusion; Q)

35
Q

Healthy lungs only have zones ____ and ____

A

2 & 3

36
Q

Unhealthy lungs include zone ___

A

1

37
Q

Which zone is best for gas exchange?

A

Zone 3

38
Q

There is greater ventilation (V) of alveoli and blood flow (Q) into capillaries in Zone ___ compared to other zones

A

3

39
Q

The respiratory system is divided into two functional zones: ________ zone and _________ zone

A

Conducting zone
Respiratory zone

40
Q

Airways have a _______ in cartilage and an ________ in smooth muscle as you move along the airways

A

Decrease; increase

41
Q

Cartilage functions to _______ airways ______

A

HOLD airways OPEN

42
Q

There is a large ______ in surface area as you move deeper into the _________ zone and exchange surfaces

A

INCREASE in surface area
CONDUCTING zone

43
Q

The amount of air in the ___________ zone is 150mL called the ___________ ________ ________

A

CONDUCTING zone
ANATOMICAL DEAD SPACE

Physiology #4 (11 decks)

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