IM Flashcards
What are the agranulocytes?
- monocytes/macrophages
- lymphocytes
What are the granulocytes?
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophiles
What is the order of cells in the immune system from most prevelent to least?
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- eosinophils
- basophiles
What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
- Rubor (Red Discoloration)
- Calor (Heat)
- Dolor (Pain)
- Swelling
- Loss of Function
What is the primary cell for inflammation?
neutrophils
What are the main cells for phagocytosis?
neutrophils
macrophages
How does a phagocyte recognize its meal?
- Phagocytes contain Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) that can recognize generic Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
- Rough surface
- Native substances should have protein coats that repel phagocytes
- If a target has an immunoglobulin/antibody attached to it, then it is marked for phagocytosis (opsonization)
What do virally-infected cells secrete?
INF (interferons)
What do interferons cause?
uninfected cells to produce enzymes that inhibit viral replication, which prevents spread of the virus to neighboring cells.
What is the complement system?
Consists of 30 distinct components that are in plasma in an inactive form and must be cleaved to become active. Activated by substances on the surface of microbes.
What are the cascade of reactions in the complement system?
(1) enhancement of inflammation,
(2) opsonization of pathogens,
(3) formation of a Membrane-Attack Complex (MAC) that lyses pathogens.
What is acquired immunity?
Very specific response to a distinct macromolecule (antigen), also has the ability to “remember” macromolecule and respond more vigorously to the second exposure.
What MHC class is found on antigen presenting cells?
MHC Class II
What MHC class is found on the cell membrane of all nucleated cells?
MHC Class I
What cell does the antigen presenting cell use the MHC class II with?
T helper cells
