Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 1

Bacteriologically Confirmed

Culture Positive

Answer 1

Positive sputum culture for MTB complex, with or without radiographic abnormalities consistent with active TB

Question 2

Bacteriologically Confirmed

Rapid Diagnostic Test Positive

Answer 2

Sputum positive for MTB Complex using rapid diagnostic modalities such as Xpert MTB/RIF, with or without radiographic abnormalities consistent with active TB

Question 3

Five basic elements of the NTP or DOTS

Answer 3

a. Availability of quality assured sputum microscopy
b. Uninterrupted supply of anti-TB drugs
c. Supervised treatment
d. Patient and program monitoring
e. Political will

Question 4

Turn around time from collection of first sputum sample to initation of treatment

Answer 4

5 working days

Question 5

High risk clinical groups

Answer 5

HIV AIDS 
DM
ESRD 
Cancer
CTD
Autoimmune disease
Silicosis 
Px who underwent gastrectomy or solid organ transplantation and patient on prolonged systemic steroids

Question 6

Definition of Children

Answer 6

Less than 15 years old

Question 7

Clinical Diagnosis

Answer 7

A patient with 2 sputum specimens negative for AFB or with smear not done due to specified conditions but with radiographic abnormalities consistent with active TB
AND
no response to a course of empiric antibiotics and/or symptomatic medications
AND
decided (either by physician and/or TBDC) to have TB disease requiring a full course of anti-TB chemotherapy

Question 8

Polydrug-resistant TB –

Answer 8

Resistance to more than one fi rst-line anti-TB drug (other than both Isoniazid and Rifampicin).

Question 9

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) –

Answer 9

Resistance to any fluoroquinolone and to at least one of three second-line injectable drugs (Capreomycin, Kanamycin and Amikacin), in addition to multidrug resistance.

Question 10

Polydrug-resistant TB –

Answer 10

Resistance to more than one fi rst-line anti-TB drug (other than both Isoniazid and Rifampicin).

Question 11

Presumptive TB

Answer 11

Cough of at least 2 weeks duration with or without the following symptoms:

Significant or unintentional weight loss
Fever
Hemoptysis
Chest/back pains not referrable to any other musculoskeletal symptoms
Night sweats
Shortness of breath or difficulty of breathing

Question 12

The only contraindication to collecting sputum for DSSM

Answer 12

massive hemoptysis which is expectoration of large volumes of blood (200-600 ml in 24 hours) from the respiratory tract.

Question 13

Bacteriologically Confirmed

Smear Positive

Answer 13

At least one sputum specimen positive for AFB, with or without radiographic abnormalities