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Toxicology > Pulmonary Toxicology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Simple asphyxiants

A

Nitrogen, noble gases, methane, carbon dioxide

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2
Q

State of oxidezed hemoglobin in which the hemoglobin iron is in ferric state (Fe3+)

A

Methemoglobinemia

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3
Q

Ferric state

A

Fe3+

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4
Q

Pathology of methemoglobinemia

A

unable to bind or transport oxygen but increased afinity of oxygen in the remaining heme sites

decrease release of oxygen

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5
Q

bluish casr to the skin and mucous membrane

A

cyanosis

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6
Q

Examples of methemoglobin inducers

A

Benzocaine

Dapsone

Nitrites

Aromatic amines

Chlorates

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7
Q

Management of methemoglobinemia

A

Methylene blue, Ascorbic acid, oygen

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8
Q

binds 200x as tightly to Hb compared to O2

A

Carbon Monoxide

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9
Q

Binds to Fe2+ in myoglobin and mitochondria; cause oxidative injury, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cascade and leads to neurological sequlae

A

Carbon Monoxide

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10
Q

Management of Carbon Monoxide

A

High Flow O2, Hyperbalic oxygen

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11
Q

Mitochondria toxin:

inhibits cytochrome oxidase enzyme –> ability to induce extreme chemical suffocation of cells and disrupt enzymatic processes.

affect the normal funvtion of electron transport chain

A

Cyanide

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12
Q

Symptoms of cyanide toxicity

A

lactic acidosis, vomiting, seizures, coma

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13
Q

Cyanide antidote kit

A

Nitrates, thiosulfate

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14
Q

inhibitory of cyanide is due to its tight binding to ____ ion?

A

copper

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15
Q

Unique pulmonary toxic agent used in herbicide

A

Paraquat

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16
Q

Diquaternary amine aromatic non-selective herbicide

A

Paraquat

17
Q

Induce oxygen radical formation in all tissues but actively uptake by pneumocytes from the circulation

A

Paraquat

18
Q

Main target of Paraquat

A

Lung

19
Q

Consequences Paraquat toxicity

A

Paraquat can form free radicals, and tissue necrosis

20
Q

Potential management of paraquat toxicity

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy

Antioxidant therapy

21
Q

Other pulmonary toxic agents

A

Asbestos

Silica

Beryllium

Toxicology (8 decks)

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