Liver Toxicology

Question 1

Fatty liver

Answer 1

Steatosis

Question 2

Irrversible liver damage

Answer 2

Cirrhosis

Question 3

Inflammatory condition of liver

Answer 3

Hepatitis

Question 4

Liver toxicity mechanisms:

Formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by __________metabolism

Answer 4

CYP2E1

Question 5

Liver toxicity mechanisms:

Formation of _______ and _______ whcih leads to the formation of ________ and accululation of _______.

Answer 5

Phosphatidylethanol (PE), dihydrozyacetone phosphate (DAP), glycerol, lipids

Question 6

Liver toxicity mechanisms:

Production of _________ which are _______, resulting in impaired organelle function

Answer 6

Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs), lipophilic

Question 7

Liver toxicity mechanisms:

Increased _______, cause ___________ (steatosis)

Answer 7

NADH, impaired mitochondria oxidation of fatty acid

Question 8

COX inhibitors

Answer 8

inhibit prostaglandin production

Question 9

Toicology of NSAIDs

Answer 9

NSAIDs are COX inhibitors that inhibit prostaglandin production, cause reduced blood flow to the liver

Question 10

Toxicology of acetaminophen

Answer 10

Cause centrilobular necrosis

Alcohol can induce CYP2E1, which involves in acetaminophen metabolic pathway

Question 11

Antidote of acetaminophen toxicity

Answer 11

N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

- restores hepatic glutathione that increases sulfate conjugation. (leads to enhancement of oxygen used)

Question 12

Mycotoxin from Aspergillus (fungi)

Answer 12

Aflatoxin

Question 13

A small molecule which, when combined witha. larger carrier such as protein, can elicit the production of antibodies which binds specifically to it

Answer 13

Hapten

Question 14

IDILI hypothesis

Answer 14

1. Formation of reactive metabolites
2. Enhance production of cytokines
3. Enhance liver celll death pathway
4. Interfere liver cell adaptation to modest injury

Question 15

Anasthetic drugs that may cause hepatic damage

Answer 15

Halothane