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Patho > Pulmonary system > Flashcards

Pulmonary system Flashcards

1
Q

What is perfusion without ventilation called?

A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace

A

B. shunt

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2
Q

What is ventilation without perfusion called?

A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace

A

C. deadspace

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3
Q

What disorder has the instability of a portion of the chest wall?

A

Fail chest

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4
Q

What are some CM for fail chest? SATA

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. bradycardia
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion

A

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion

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5
Q

What is it called when there is presence of air or gas in plueral space.

a. asthma
b. tb
c. pneumothorax

A

c. pneumothorax

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6
Q

A patient comes in with pneumothorax. What are some CM the nurse is going to look for? SATA

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain
d. loud breath sounds on affected side

A

a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain

there are decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side

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7
Q

a patient comes in with excess fluid in pleural space, what is this called?

a. pneumothorax
b. pleural effusion
c. empyema

A

b. pleural effusion

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8
Q

How can a patient get excess fluids on pleural space (pleural effusion) ?

A

from trauma, CV, OR pulmonary diease, malignancies

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9
Q

what CM will you see with a patient with pleural effusion?
SATA

a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
c. breath sounds on affected side
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain

A

a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain

there wont be any breath sounds on affected side

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10
Q

A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus. What abnormality is this?

a. empyema
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumothorax

A

a. empyema

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11
Q

What are some ways a patient can get Empyema?

A

pneumonia, surgery, trauma bronchial tumors

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12
Q

A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus (Empyema). What CM will the nurse probably see? SATA

a. bradycardia
b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough
j. jaundice

A

b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough

and pleuritic chest pain and decreased breath sounds on affected side

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13
Q

A patient comes in with fluid and solid particles in their lungs. What is this called?

a. atelectasis
b. pulmonary fibrous
c. aspiration

A

c. aspiration

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14
Q

What are some predisposing factors of Aspiration (fluid/food in the lungs)?

A
  • Altered LOC
  • Increased age
  • Depressed cough reflex
  • GERD (acid reflex)
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15
Q

What CM will you see in a patient with Aspiration?

A 
cough
fever
hypoxia
Increased RR
dyspnea
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16
Q

What is it called when a patient has a collapse of lung tissue?

a. aspiration
b. atelectasis
c. pulmonary edema

A

b. atelectasis

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17
Q

What causes atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)

A
  • alveoli lack full inflation
  • build up of secretions
  • collapse of alveoli
  • reduced gas exchange
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18
Q

CM of Atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Diminished BS
  • Productive cough
  • Fever
  • Leukocytosis
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19
Q

What is it called when there is excess fibrous or connective tissue in lungs?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

How can you get pulmary fibrosis?

A
  • RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
  • Asbestosis exposure
  • SLE (lupus)
  • Idiopathic (most cases of pulmonary fibrosis, there is no cause)
21
Q

CM of Pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • DOE (dyspnea on exertion)
  • Inspiratory crackles
  • Hypoxemia (abnormal low amount of 02 in blood)
  • Hypercapnia (high amount of CO2 in blood)
  • Hypoventilation
22
Q

What is pulmonary edema

A

Excess fluid in lungs

23
Q

How do you get pulmonary edema?

A
  • Left sided heart failure
  • capillary endothelium injury
  • lymph vessel blockage
24
Q

CM of pulmonary edema

A
  • Dyspnea at rest
  • Anxiety
  • Inspiratory crackles
  • Tachycardia
  • Disorientation
  • Confusion
  • Pink frothy sputum
  • Hypoxemia
25
Q

What is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways called?

A

Asthma

26
Q

How can you get Asthma?

A
  • Allergens
  • Irritant exposure
  • Risk factors: Obesity, GERD, chronic viral infx
27
Q

CM of Asthma

A
  • Expiratory wheezing
  • Dyspnea
  • Chest tightness
  • Non productive cough
  • Tachypnea
  • Tachycardia
28
Q

What is chronic inflammatory response from inspired irritants called?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

29
Q

How can somebody get Chronic Bronchitis?

A
  • Smoking
  • occupation exposure
  • disrupted lung growth
30
Q

CM of Chronic Bronchitis

A
  • Productive cough
  • Dyspnea
  • Wheezing
  • Cyanosis
  • Polycythemia
  • Cor pulmonale
31
Q

What is abnormal permanent enlargemnt of the gas-exchange airways after exposure to irritants called?

A

Emphysema

32
Q

How does someone get Emphysema

A
  • Smoking
  • Alpha antitrypsin deficiency
  • Occupation exposure
33
Q

CM of Emphysema

A 
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Barrel chest
Club fingers
Use of accessory muscles
34
Q

What is Pneumonia

A

a lower repsiratory tract infection

35
Q

How does someone get pneumonia?

A
  • bacteria, virus, and fungi

- risk factors: Advance age; immunocompromised; immobility; abdominal surgery

36
Q

CM of Pneumonia

A
  • Bacterial; cough
  • Dyspnea
  • fever
  • Chills
  • elevated WBC
37
Q

What is tuberculosis

A

Repsiratory tract infection

38
Q

how does some get TB

A
  • Primary: not previously exposed Airborne

- Secondary: reactivation

39
Q

CM of TB

A 
Low grade fever
Cough night sweats
Fatigue
Weight loss
Anorexia
Malaise
Hemoptysis
40
Q

What is a Pulmonary Embolus

A

Occlusions of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by a thrombus, embolus, tissue fragment, lipids, or an air bubble


41
Q

How can someone get Pulmonary Embolus

A

Deep vein thrombosis

42
Q

CM of Pulmonary embolus

A 
Sudden onset of pleuritic pain
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Fever
43
Q

What is pulmonary Hypertension

A

High blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs

44
Q

How do you get pulmonary hypertension

A

Idiopathic
LHF
COPD/ hypoxia
Chronic pulmonary emboli

45
Q

CM of Pulmonary Hypertension

A 
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Cyanosis
Edema
Syncope
Chest pain
Palpitations

Patho (8 decks)

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