Pulmonary system Flashcards
What is perfusion without ventilation called?
A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace
B. shunt
What is ventilation without perfusion called?
A. Alveolus
B. shunt
C. deadspace
C. deadspace
What disorder has the instability of a portion of the chest wall?
Fail chest
What are some CM for fail chest? SATA
a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. bradycardia
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion
a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
d. pain on inspiration
e. asymmetrical chest expansion
What is it called when there is presence of air or gas in plueral space.
a. asthma
b. tb
c. pneumothorax
c. pneumothorax
A patient comes in with pneumothorax. What are some CM the nurse is going to look for? SATA
a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain
d. loud breath sounds on affected side
a. dyspnea
b. tachypnea
c. sudden pleural pain
there are decreased or absent breath sounds on affected side
a patient comes in with excess fluid in pleural space, what is this called?
a. pneumothorax
b. pleural effusion
c. empyema
b. pleural effusion
How can a patient get excess fluids on pleural space (pleural effusion) ?
from trauma, CV, OR pulmonary diease, malignancies
what CM will you see with a patient with pleural effusion?
SATA
a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
c. breath sounds on affected side
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain
a. dyspnea
b. dry cough
d. pleural friction rub
e. pleuritic chest pain
there wont be any breath sounds on affected side
A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus. What abnormality is this?
a. empyema
b. pleural effusion
c. pneumothorax
a. empyema
What are some ways a patient can get Empyema?
pneumonia, surgery, trauma bronchial tumors
A patient comes in with an infected pleural effusion; pus (Empyema). What CM will the nurse probably see? SATA
a. bradycardia
b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough
j. jaundice
b. cyanosis
c. fever
d. tachycardia
e. cough
and pleuritic chest pain and decreased breath sounds on affected side
A patient comes in with fluid and solid particles in their lungs. What is this called?
a. atelectasis
b. pulmonary fibrous
c. aspiration
c. aspiration
What are some predisposing factors of Aspiration (fluid/food in the lungs)?
- Altered LOC
- Increased age
- Depressed cough reflex
- GERD (acid reflex)
What CM will you see in a patient with Aspiration?
cough fever hypoxia Increased RR dyspnea
What is it called when a patient has a collapse of lung tissue?
a. aspiration
b. atelectasis
c. pulmonary edema
b. atelectasis
What causes atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)
- alveoli lack full inflation
- build up of secretions
- collapse of alveoli
- reduced gas exchange
CM of Atelectasis (collapse of lung tissue)
- Dyspnea
- Diminished BS
- Productive cough
- Fever
- Leukocytosis
What is it called when there is excess fibrous or connective tissue in lungs?
Pulmonary fibrosis
How can you get pulmary fibrosis?
- RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
- Asbestosis exposure
- SLE (lupus)
- Idiopathic (most cases of pulmonary fibrosis, there is no cause)
CM of Pulmonary fibrosis
- DOE (dyspnea on exertion)
- Inspiratory crackles
- Hypoxemia (abnormal low amount of 02 in blood)
- Hypercapnia (high amount of CO2 in blood)
- Hypoventilation
What is pulmonary edema
Excess fluid in lungs
How do you get pulmonary edema?
- Left sided heart failure
- capillary endothelium injury
- lymph vessel blockage
CM of pulmonary edema
- Dyspnea at rest
- Anxiety
- Inspiratory crackles
- Tachycardia
- Disorientation
- Confusion
- Pink frothy sputum
- Hypoxemia
What is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways called?
Asthma
How can you get Asthma?
- Allergens
- Irritant exposure
- Risk factors: Obesity, GERD, chronic viral infx
CM of Asthma
- Expiratory wheezing
- Dyspnea
- Chest tightness
- Non productive cough
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
What is chronic inflammatory response from inspired irritants called?
Chronic Bronchitis
How can somebody get Chronic Bronchitis?
- Smoking
- occupation exposure
- disrupted lung growth
CM of Chronic Bronchitis
- Productive cough
- Dyspnea
- Wheezing
- Cyanosis
- Polycythemia
- Cor pulmonale
What is abnormal permanent enlargemnt of the gas-exchange airways after exposure to irritants called?
Emphysema
How does someone get Emphysema
- Smoking
- Alpha antitrypsin deficiency
- Occupation exposure
CM of Emphysema
Dyspnea Wheezing Barrel chest Club fingers Use of accessory muscles
What is Pneumonia
a lower repsiratory tract infection
How does someone get pneumonia?
- bacteria, virus, and fungi
- risk factors: Advance age; immunocompromised; immobility; abdominal surgery
CM of Pneumonia
- Bacterial; cough
- Dyspnea
- fever
- Chills
- elevated WBC
What is tuberculosis
Repsiratory tract infection
how does some get TB
- Primary: not previously exposed Airborne
- Secondary: reactivation
CM of TB
Low grade fever Cough night sweats Fatigue Weight loss Anorexia Malaise Hemoptysis
What is a Pulmonary Embolus
Occlusions of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by a thrombus, embolus, tissue fragment, lipids, or an air bubble
How can someone get Pulmonary Embolus
Deep vein thrombosis
CM of Pulmonary embolus
Sudden onset of pleuritic pain Dyspnea Tachycardia Tachypnea Fever
What is pulmonary Hypertension
High blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs
How do you get pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic
LHF
COPD/ hypoxia
Chronic pulmonary emboli
CM of Pulmonary Hypertension
Dyspnea Fatigue Cyanosis Edema Syncope Chest pain Palpitations
