Endocrine

Question 1

What are the endocrine systems functions?

Answer 1

• Differentiation of reproductive system and CNS in fetus
• Stimulation of growth and development
• Coordination of the male and female reproductive systems
• Maintenance of internal environment
• Adaptation to emergency demands of body

Question 2

Why are hormones released?

Answer 2

• In response to an alteration in the cellular environment.

- To maintain a regulated level of certain substances or other hormones.

Question 3

What are diseases of the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

• SIADH

- Diabetes Insipidus

Question 4

What is SIADH?

Answer 4

Excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from pituitary gland; results in excessive water retention

Question 5

What are the etiologies for SIADH

Answer 5

?HIT SEM

• Head trauma
• Infection
• Tumors
• Stroke
• Emphysema
• Meningitis

Question 6

What are CMs for SIADH?

Answer 6

Weight gain
JVD
Crackles 
Decreased urine output
Edema
Hyponatremia
Hyposomolaity
hypertension

*Think of CMs for fluid volume excess

Question 7

What is the patho for SIADH

Answer 7

• EXCESSIVE ADH Secretion
• Fluid retention by kidneys = EDEMA
• Dilutional hyponatremia

Question 8

What is Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 8

Disorder caused by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) insufficiency, results in excess fluid excretion

Question 9

What is the etiology for DI?

Answer 9

Neurogenic:

• Head surgery
• Brain Tumors

Nephrogenic:

• Renal tubular defect
• Genetic
• Drugs

Question 10

What CMs will you see in someone with DI

Answer 10

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Poor skin tugor
Dry mucous membranes
FVD 
Hypotension
Hypernatremia
Hyperosomolaity

Question 11

What is the patho for DI

Answer 11

-Decreased ADH secretion/
Insensitive ADH receptor in kidney 
-Nephron does not absorb water
-Body loses high amounts of water in the urine
-Dehydration and hypernatremia

Question 12

What is hyperthyroidism

Answer 12

increase in secretion of thyroid hormone

Question 13

Etiologies of hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

GRAVES DISEASE: Autoimmune disorder/type II hypersensitivity
-Toxic Adenoma (if increased hormone production is coming from a single nodule in the gland)

-Toxic Multinodular goiter

Question 14

CMs of hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

Nervousness
weight loss
hyperactive reflexes
diaphoresis
tachycardia
increased systolic BP
Expothalmos (bulging eyes)

Question 15

Patho for hyperthyroidism

Answer 15

• Body produces TSI or gland enlarges
• elevated T3 and T4
• Negative feedvack of pituitary TSH
• Low TSH more hormone secreted
• High basal metabolic rate

Question 16

What is hypothyroidism

Answer 16

decrease in secretion of thyroid hormone

Question 17

Etiologies for Hypothyroidism

Answer 17

-Congenital thyroid defects
-Autoimmune:
Hashimoto disease
-Surgical removal
-Thyroiditis

Question 18

CMs of Hypothyroidism

Answer 18

fatigue
weight gain
constipation
delayed reflexes
feeling cold
sluggishness

Question 19

Patho for Hypothyroidism

Answer 19

• loss of thyroid function
• decrease production of thyroid hormone
• increase production of TSH
• Slows basal metabolic rate