Class 3 infection, inflammation, immunity

Question 1

Immunity

First line of defense

Answer 1

Innate (natural) (native) immunity

-physical, mechanical, biochemical barriers

Question 2

Immunity

Second line of defense

Answer 2

Inflammatory response

Question 3

Immunity

Third line of defense

Answer 3

Adaptive (acquired) (specific) immunity

Question 4

First line of defense physical barriers

Answer 4

skin, linings of Gi, GU, and respiratory tracts

Question 5

Frist line of defense mechincal barriers

Answer 5

sloughing of the skin, coughing, sneezing, urination, vomitting, mucus and cilla

Question 6

First line of defense biochemical barriers

Answer 6

secrete saliva, tears, earwax, sweat, pH levels, and mucus, normal microbiome

Question 7

Inflammation: Second line of defense

-Inflammatory response

Answer 7

nonspecifc; caused by a variety of materials; infection, tissure necrosis, trauma, physical or chemical injury, foreign bodies, immune reaction, ishcemia

• Local manifestations:
• redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 8

Inflammation: Second line of defense

-Vascular responses:

Answer 8

blood vessel dilation, increased vascular permeability and leakage.

• WBC adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migration through the vessels.
• blood clor walls off or plugs the damages tissue

Question 9

Acute inflammation

Goals

Answer 9

• prevent and limit infection and further damage
• limit and control the inflammatory process
• initiate healing and repair
• facilitates development of the adpative immune system

Question 10

Plasma Protein systems

-Complement system

Answer 10

produce active fragments the recruit phagocytes that are gonna activate mast cells to destroy pathogens
-Most important function of this cascade is the activation of C3 and C5

Question 11

3 Pathways in the complement system

Answer 11

• Classical: activate by antibodies
• Lectin: activate by plasma protiens
• Alternative: activated by different substances that are found on the surface of infectious organisms
• activation of C3 and C5

Question 12

Coagulation (Clotting) system

Answer 12

• form fibrinous meshwork at injured or inflamed site.
• Prevents the spread of infection
• forms a clot that stops bleeding
• provides framework for repair and healing
• Main substance in clotting system is a protein called fibrin

Question 13

Kinin system

Answer 13

• functions to activate and assist inflammatory cells
• primary kinin is bradykinin
• causes dilation of blood vessels, pain, and smooth muscle contraction; increases vascular permeability

Question 14

Cellualr components of inflammation

Answer 14

• Erythocytes (carry oxygen to tissue)
• platelets (responsible for helping blood clots)
• leukocytes (responsible phygocytosis and healing

Question 15

Cytokines

Answer 15

responsible for activatinh other cells and regulating inflammatory response
(Interkeukin-1 (pyrogen)

Question 16

Chemokines

Answer 16

• Synthesize many cells

- attract monocyte/macrophage

Question 17

Mast cells are _______ bags of _______ located in the loose connective tissue close to blood vessels

Answer 17

cellular; ganules

Question 18

Degranualtion is the _____ of the contents of mast cell granules

Answer 18

release

Question 19

Synthesis is the new production and release of mediators in response to a stimulus

Answer 19

• Histamine
• leukotrienes
• prostaglandins
• platelet activating factor

Question 20

Cellular Mediators

-Cytokines

Answer 20

responsible for activating other cells and regulating inflammatory response
Interkeuin-1 (pyrogen) —pyron that causes fever

Question 21

Cellular Mediators

-Chemokines

Answer 21

Synthesized by many cells in response to proinflammatory cytokines.
-promote phagocytosis and wound healing