pulmonary infection Flashcards
1
Q
what are the risks for developing chronic pulmonary infection?
A
- abnormal host response
- abnormal innate host defence
- repeated insult
2
Q
what does an IgA deficiency do?
A
- increased risk of acute infections but not chronic infections
3
Q
what is hypogammaglobulineaemia?
A
- rare, increased risk of acute and chronic infections
- poor host immune response
4
Q
what is CVID?
A
- most common cause of immunodeficiency, recurrent infection
- specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency
5
Q
give examples of immunosuppressants.
A
- steroids
- monoclonal antibodies
- chemotherapy
6
Q
what suppresses the activity of cilia?
A
smoking
7
Q
what are examples of defective innate host defences?
A
- damaged bronchial mucosa eg malignancy
- abnormal cilia
- abnormal secretions eg cystic fibrosis
8
Q
give example of repeated insult?
A
- recurrent aspiration eg NG feeding, poor swallow = swallowing into the wrong hole
- indwelling material eg NG tube in the wrong place
9
Q
what is an intrapulmonary abscess?
A
- indolent presentation
- weight loss common
- lethargy, weakness
- cough/sputum
- ## high mortality if not treated
10
Q
how does pneumonia precede to an abscess?
A
- flu
- staph pneumonia
- caaviting pneumoina
- abscess
11
Q
when will you see a pharyngeal pouch?
A
in aspiration pneumonia?
12
Q
what is empyema?
A
pus in the pleural space
13
Q
how does effusion (water) progress to empyema?
A
- simple parapneumoinc effusion
- complicated parapneumonic effusion
- empyema
14
Q
what are the gram positive and negative bacteria of empyema?
A
positive = strep milleri, staph aureus negative = e.coli, pseudomonas, H. influenzae, kelbsiellae
15
Q
how is empyema diagnosed?
A
- clinical suspicion
- CXR - look for a D
- USS - ultrasound
- CT
