Pulmonary HTN

Question 1

Pulmonary HTN is defined as

Answer 1

ustained elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) to ≥25mmHg (at rest).

Question 2

Common causes of PH

Answer 2

COPD,
obstructive airway disease (main cause)

PE

L side HF

Question 3

Group I PH classification —

Answer 3

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

• idiopathic PH]
• drug and toxin induced

Question 4

Group II classification—

Answer 4

PH due to left heart disease

• Left heart systolic and diastolic dysfunction
• valvular disease

Question 5

Group III classification —

Answer 5

PH due to lung diseases and/or hypoxemia

• COPD
• sleep apnea
• chronic high altitudes

Question 6

Group IV classification—

Answer 6

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)

Question 7

Group V classification —

Answer 7

PH with unclear multifactorial mechanisms

• hemolytic disorders

Question 8

PH symptoms

Answer 8

dyspnea (most common), exercise intolerance, fatigue, palpitations, exertional dizziness, syncope, chest pain, lower extremity swelling, increased abdominal girth (ascites), and hoarseness (impingement of recurrent laryngeal nerve by enlarging pulmonary artery).