pulmonary embryo & histo Flashcards
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what is this a 3D picture of
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alveoli
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what phase is this
pseudoglandular
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what phase is this
canalicular
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what phase is this
terminal sac (saccular)
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what phase is this
alveolar
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function of ciliated epithelium in trachea
mucociliary elevator- washes debris upward
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function of cartilage in trachea
holds airway open
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function of lamina propria in trachea
holds host defense cells
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function of trachealis m. on dorsal surface of trachea
allows esophagus to expand into trachea when swallowing
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what cells in lamina propria of trachea perform secretion, & secrete what
goblet cells
secrete mucins
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bronchi
-patency due to _____
-epithelium type
-secretory cells
-patency due to cartilage
-pseudostratified
-mucous
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alveoli
-patency due to _____
-epithelium type
-secretory cells
-patency due to elastic tissue of lung
-simple squamous
-club cells, type II
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first part of airway that no longer has cartilage
bronchioles
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type I pneumocytes in alveoli are what tissue type, & function
simple squamous epithelium
gas exchange
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type II pneumocytes in alveoli are what tissue type, & function
simple cuboidal epithelium
secretes surfactant
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what is the minimum barrier for diffusion of CO2 & O2
2 simple squamous cells & water
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function of surfactant
reduces surface tension of water coating alveoli
= keeps alveoli open
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respiratory system begins as a _____ off of the _____ located _____
begins as a diverticulum (lined w endoderm) / "lung bud"
off of the gut tube
between 4th & 6th pharyngeal arches
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mesenchymal condensations around the laryngeal orifice gives rise to _____
epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
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_____ around the _____ gives rise to epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
mesenchymal condensations
around the
laryngeal orifice
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endoderm gives rise to _____
epithelium & glands
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splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm gives rise to _____
stroma, cartilage, fibrous tissue
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laryngotracheal diverticulum is separated from gut tube by _____; & then immediately the respiratory bud _____
tracheoesophageal septum
respiratory bud splits into 2 branches- (primary bronchi)
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if something goes wrong w tracheoesophageal septum what happens, & most common form is what
tracheoesophageal fistulas
-abnormal connections between trachea & esophagus
esophageal atresia
-newborn immediately coughs up milk; regurg. enters lung
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if lung bud doesn't separate into 2 bronchi, two things can happen
agenesis (only one lung)
hypoplasia (two small lungs)
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weeks for pseudoglandular period; & is fetus viable
6-16 weeks
fetus NOT viable
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weeks for canalicular period; & is fetus viable
16-26 weeks
fetus only viable after 24 weeks
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what fetus age is surfactant first produced
20 weeks
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weeks for terminal sac period
26-birth
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weeks for alveolar period
32 weeks - 8 years
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_____ folding brings heart & septum transversum into thorax region
cephalocaudal folding
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after cephalocaudal folding, part of heart is _____
anchored to anterior body wall via septum transversum
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how is the diaphragm formed
-septum transversum fuses w pleuroperitoneal membrane (divides pleural & peritoneal cavities)
-muscles from body wall contributes to diaphragm as body grows
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what happens if pleuroperitoneal canal doesn't close
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
-intestines herniate into pleural cavity
