hematopoietic vitamins Flashcards
folate deficiency affects _____
DNA synthesis
what vitamin is folate
B9
what vitamin is cobalamin
B12
folate deficiency pathway, “folate trap”
folate deficiency causes _____ anemia
macrocytic, megaloblastic
cobalamin deficiency causes
secondary folate deficiency
cobalamin (B12) is needed for what reaction
methylation of homocysteine to methionine
key symptom difference between B9 (folate) & B12 (cobalamin) deficiency
B12 deficiency has neuro. symptoms
what happens if B12 deficiency is only treated with B9 supplement
anemia would improve, neuro. symptoms would worsen
megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia symptoms due to folate deficiency
megaloblasts (RBC precursor) & homocysteine accumulation
megaloblastic/macrocytic anemia symptoms due to cobalamin deficiency
odd-numbered FAs & MMA (methylmalonyl CoA) accumulation
megaloblasts (RBC precursor) & homocysteine accumulation
neuro. symptoms
microcytic / hypochromic anemia is caused by _____
decreased production of hemoglobin
most common cause of microcytic / hypochromic anemia
iron deficiency
what is microcytic / hypochromic anemia
RBCs are smaller
&
size of central pallor is larger (due to low MCHC)
dietary iron absorption in GI tract (heme iron) pathway
easily absorbed
->
in cell, converted to Fe2+ by hem oxygenase
->
either to storage (ferritin) or transported to blood (ferroportin-> transferrin)
dietary iron absorption in GI tract (non-heme form) pathway
Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+ by vit. C & Dcytb
->
into cell thru DMT1
->
either to storage (ferritin) or transported to blood (ferroportin-> transferrin)
what is hepcidin
peptide from liver that regulates iron absorption & mobilization by inhibiting ferroportin
hepcidin regulation
what is serum iron, & what is it a marker for
iron + transferrin
transportation of iron
what is TIBC, & what is it a marker for
(total iron binding capacity)- indirectly measures amount of transferrin
transportation of iron
what is serum ferritin a marker for
iron storage
what is transferrin saturation (TSAT) a marker for
transportation of iron
levels in iron deficiency anemia:
serum iron
serum ferritin
TIBC
transferrin saturation
serum iron: LOW
serum ferritin: LOW
TIBC: HIGH
transferrin saturation: LOW
