Pulmonary Edema

Question 1

pulmonary edema

Answer 1

fluid accumulation in the lungs (inside alveoli)

Question 2

etiology

Answer 2

Cardiogenic Factors
- d/t L. sided heart failure

Non- Cardiogenic Factors:

• IV fluid overload
• inhaled smoke (from fires)
• aspiration
• narcotics

Question 3

explain how it can be d/t left sided heart failure

Answer 3

residual volume in the l. side of the heart -> congestion in the pulmonary circuit -> increased pressure -> fluid moves out into IS and alveoli

Question 4

explain the non-cardiogenic factors

Answer 4

IV Fluid Overload
- increased blood vol -> increased CHP -> fluid moves from vessels into lungs

Inhaled Smoke
- noxious fumes causes damage to capillaries, fluid seeps into the lungs

Aspiration
- damage -> changes permb -> fluid moves into lungs

Narcotics
- affects resp centre in brainstem -> increases vessel permb -> fluid moves out into lungs

Question 5

patho

Answer 5

• capillary fluid moves into IS of lungs (between cells in the wall of alveoli) and once this area fills, the fluid moves into the alveoli
• gas exchange and ventilation is decreased, and respiratory function is compromised
  
  • ie) if 50% of the alveolus is filled with fluid, then
    50% of the aleveolus will be free for gas exchange
    - fluid w/in the alveoli will increase the diffusion
    distance for gas exchange and increase effort
    required to oxygenate blood and excrete CO2
• borders of lung lobules have lymphatic vessel, which, when filled with fluid, become engorged and distinct lung lobules become visible

Question 6

manifestations

Answer 6

• dyspnea d/t decreased compliance
• productive, frothy cough d/t irritation of a/w
• wet crackles d/t fluid mixing with air
• blood-tinged sputum d/t severed bv

Question 7

treatment

Answer 7

• address underlying cause asap otherwise fluid will keep entering lungs
• respiratory support