Pneumonia Flashcards
what is another name for pneumonia?
pneumonitis
pneumonia
inflmtn of the lung parenchyma (LRT) d/t microbes and other organs
classifications
1) Infectious
2) Non-infectious
3) Lobar pneumonia
4) Bronchopneuomnia
infectious pneumonia
d/t any microbe
- community-acquired
- nonsocomial
- pneumococcal (most common, in elderly)
non-infectious pneumonia
not d/t any microbe
lobar pneumonia
infection in 1 lobe or part of a lobe
bronchopneuomonia
diffuse, widespread
etiology
- any microbe entering the RT, esp S. pneumonia
- noxious fumes (harmful, when inhaled cause damage)
- aspiration pneumonia: when anything but air enters the LRT (ie. gastric contents)
mechanism affected?
mucociliary blanket = important defense mechanism but is impaired d/t:
- smoking
- repeated exposure to gastric acid
- immunocompromised person (elderly, previously sick)
patho
i. agent gets into alveoli of lungs
ii. injury + inflmtn = exudate + hyperemia
iii. change in permeability
iv. inflmtn causes fluid to move from vasculature to IS = fluid buildup in layer where gas exchange occurs
v. fluid buildup causes less air going in/out
vi. gas exchange impeded between alveoli and capillaries d/t pulm edema
stages of pneumococcal pneumonia
1) edema stage
2) red hepatization stage
3) grey hepatization stage
4) resolution stage
edema stage
protein-rich with microbes
red hepatization stage
- 2-3 days after edema stage
- red d/t influx of erythrocytes
- capillary congestion, PMN, RBCs
hepatization
describes appearance of lung to consistency of liver
grey hepatization stage
- 2-3 days after red hep stage
- largely involved w/ phagocytosis
- congestion subsides
- fragmented PMN are ingested by macrophages
