Pulmonary Edema

Question 1

What is Pulmonary Edema

Answer 1

is a severe, life‑threatening accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces of the lung

can result from severe heart failure.

Question 2

Right-sided heart (ventricular) failure

Answer 2

results in inadequate right ventricle output and systemic venous congestion (peripheral edema)

Question 3

Cardiogenic factors

Answer 3

the most common cause of pulmonary edema.
a complication of various heart and lung diseases and usually occurs from increased pulmonary vascular pressure secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction.

Question 4

Noncardiac pulmonary edema

Answer 4

can occur due to barbiturate or opiate toxicity, inhalation of irritating gases, rapid administration of IV fluids, and after a pneumonectomy evacuation of pleural effusion.

Question 5

Neurogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 5

develops following a head injury.

Question 6

Why are OLDER ADULTS at risk for pulmonary edema

Answer 6

decreased cardiac output
heart failure
● Increased risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances occurs when the older adult client receives treatment with diuretics.
● IV infusions must be administered at a slower rate to prevent circulatory overload

Question 7

Nursing Interventions for Pulmonary Edema

Answer 7

high-Fowler’s
● Administer high-flow oxygen using a face mask or non-rebreather mask.
● Monitor vital signs every 15 min until stable.
● Monitor intake and output.
● Monitor hemodynamic status (pulmonary wedge pressures, cardiac output).
● Check ABGs, electrolytes (especially potassium if on diuretics), SaO2, and chest x‑ray findings.
● Maintain a patent airway. Suction as needed.
● Restrict fluid intake (slow or discontinue infusing IV fluids).
● Monitor hourly urine output. Watch for intake greater than output or hourly urine less than 30 mL/hr.
● Provide emotional support for the client and family

Question 8

Client Education on Pulmonary Edema

Answer 8

● Remain physically active, but consult with the provider before starting any exercise regimen.
● Consume a diet low in sodium; some clients require fluid restrictions. (Consult with the provider regarding diet specifications.)
● Refrain from tobacco use
● Use techniques to promote effective breathing techniques.
● Understand prescribed medications and how to administer them.
● Continue to take medications even if feeling better.
● Follow instructions for reasons to contact the provider.
● Remain on a low‑sodium diet and restrict fluids as prescribed.
● Measure weight daily at the same time. Notify the provider of a gain of more than 2 lb in 1 day or 5 lb in 1 week.
● Report swelling of feet or ankles or any shortness of breath or angina