Pulmonary Drugs Flashcards
Asthma, Lower respiratory infections (laryngotracheitis/bronchitis and pneumonia), Ventilator Support, and Smoking Cessastion
Pulmonary Diseases & Conditions
drugs used to relax bronchial smooth muscle (allow bronchioles to dilate to increase air flow and mitigate bronchospasm) to treat asthma, emphysema (COPD) and exercised-induced asthma (EIA);
can be given by mouth or injection, or nebulized as a liquid or powder
Bronchodilator drugs
triggered by acute infections, diseases like emphysema (COPD), part of asthma and EIA
bronchospasm
Sympathomimetic drugs, catecholamines
Stimulate beta-receptors in the smooth muscle around the bronchioles (mimic epinephrine) to relieve asthma
Use direct sympathetic stimulation to dilate bronchial smooth muscle
*includes epinephrine (prototype of mixed beta-1, 2 and alpha rc adrenergic agonist) and other non-selective sympathetic NS stimulants like cocaine, amphetamine, ephedrine, etc.
“Front door” bronchodilators (catecholamines)
causes bronchiole dilation
sympathetic stimulation
sympathomimetic drugs or parasympatholytic drugs
parasympatholytic drugs (anticholinergic, atropine-like drugs)
Produce effects complimentary to sympathetic agonists but by manner opposite of adrenergic agonists
Block the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic rc in smooth muscle around bronchioles
i.e. atropine or ipratropium
“Back door” bronchodilators
(chocolate, caffeine drugs, coffe)
Non-sympathetic
A group of drugs found to have bronchodilator effects, but not by mechanisms that manipulate the ANS
They act directly on the smooth around the bronchioles and the respiratory centers in the brain
Derived from a group of chemicals called xanthines (*methylxanthines are particularly useful)
*xanthine-type drugs include theophylline (Theo-Dur) found in black tea and caffeine in tea, coffee and soda
“Side door” bronchodilators
albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin): rescue therapy
- prototypical fast onset, short acting beta-2 selective bronchodilator
- is quick acting and lasts about 4-6 hours
- used as a rescue inhaler to treat acute wheezing
quick-acting bronchodilators better for every day use than epinephrine
salmeterol and formoterol: regular therapy
- 2 good, long acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs)
- extended durations of action (up to 12 hours)
- take about a 1/2 hour to work
- used as preventative, prophylactic treatment
- work well as ‘symptom-controllers’ *good in combo with 2x/day corticosteroid (to be anti-inflammatory)
long-acting bronchodilators better for every day use than epinephrine
The prototype ‘back-door’ bronchodilator that has less cardiac effects than atropine and is longer acting; it’s a metered dose inhaler or MDI
ipratropium
a dry-powder inhaler (DPI), a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), an oral tablet, and an inhalation solution for use with saline in a nebulizer machine
the 4 forms in which most beta-2 selective agonists are marketed and adminastered
Adrenergic drugs used to activate the alpha and beta receptors
- do not contain catechol in their nucleus
- i.e. ephedrine, phenylephrine, amphetamine, metatraminol and methoxamine
- used as treatment for various ailments like blood cell constriction, to get muscle relaxation, nasal and eye decongestion, and bronchiole dilation
Noncatecholamines
stimulate the beta 2 adrenergic receptors that cause bronchial smooth muscles to relax
“Front door” sympathomimetic bronchodilators
cause vasoconstriction
alpha receptors agonists
cause the heart rate to speed up
beta 1 receptors agonists
