Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
aspirin for heart attacks and for maintenance therapy, clopidogrel (Plavix)
Platelet inhibitors
chew two 325 mg tablets for heart attack emergency or take 1 baby (81mg/day) maintenance
Aspirin
high $$, high-selling antiplatelet drug that helps prevent stroke and recurrent MI
clopidogrel (Plavix)
nitroglycerin drugs and isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)–vasodilators that improve coronary blood flow
Nitrates
Nitrostat, nitroglycerine paste, Transderm-Nitro, etc.
nitroglycerine
(Isordil) another nitrate vasodilator that improves blood flow of heart
isosorbide dinitrate
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), furosemide (Lasix)
Diuretics
a low-ceiling thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of HTN
HCTZ of hydrochlorothiazide
a high-ceiling loop diuretic used to treat CHF
furosemide (Lasix)
propranolol (Inderol), metoprolol (Lopressor), carvedilol (Coreg)
beta-blockers
captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril
ACE-inhibitors
a group of drugs that have negative chronotropic (lowering the heart rate) effects
beta-blockers
the first ACE-inhibitor
captopril (Capoten)
ACE-I that came after captopril
enalapril (Vasotec)
the ACE-I most often prescribed now
lisinopril
losartan (Cozaar), and all the drugs ending in “sartan”
Angiotensin II rc blockers or ARBs
verapamil (Calan)
CCBs (calcium channel blockers)
renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone
endogenous hormones affected by some of these cardiovascular drugs
secreted by the kidneys
renin
secreted downstream from renin
angiotensin II
adrenal gland hormone secreted further downstream from the others
aldosterone
HTN drugs that can all be combined with a mild diuretic like HCTZ or with each other (i.e. “Capozide”–combo of capoten/captopril and a mild thiazide diuretic)
ACE-Is, ARBs, calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers
hydralazine (Apresoline), the ‘race-based’ combo drug BiDil, and minoxidil (Rogaine)
other vasodilators
an “old time” drug, mostly an arterial vasodilator
hydralazine (Apresoline)
“race-based” combination drug that contains hydralazine and a nitroglycerin compound (isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine)
BiDil
vasodilator now marketed as Rogaine for hair regrowth
minoxidil
digoxin (Lanoxin), dopamine and dobutamine
drugs that increae the force of contraction–positive inotropic
the most common cardiac glycoside; positive inotropy but negative chronotropy
digoxin (Lanoxin)
sympathetic agonists with positive inotropy and positive chronotropy, similar to epinephrine (NOT cardiac glycosides)
dopamine and dobutamine
anticholinergic with positive chronotropic effects (because it lyses the parasympathetic nervous system), used to treat bradycardia
atropine
statins, cholestyramine (Questran), Vitamin B3 (niacin/Niaspan), and Omega 3 fatty acids
Lipid-lowering drugs
long acting formulation approved specifically to help lower triglyceride levels
Vitamin B3 niacin (Niaspan)
a binding resin and an “inert” drug; neither digested nor absorbed into the blood stream but formulated to bind things in the gut and go through
cholestyramine (Questran)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; atorvastatin (Lipitor) and simvastatin (Zocor)
statins
morphine (Duramorph) and high potassium cardiooplegia solution
mescellaneous cardiovascular drugs
used to treat the pain of a heart attack
morphine (Duramorph)
injected into the heart to induce cardiac arrest during open heart surgery
high potassium cardioplegia solution
