Module 4 drugs Flashcards
(if not for the controlled status of this drug it would be our best decongestant, with the added benefit of great local anesthesia – it is still used in some ENT practices
4% topical cocaine (Decongestants)
phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), oxymetazoline (Afrin Nasal Spray)
*phenylephrine is widely available but marginally helpful
topical decongestants (without ephedrine)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed), but they are kept behind the counter for pharmacist supervision. Note: because it was so widely abused under the street name “herbal ecstasy”, ephedrine has been dropped from most products, occasionally you can find ephedrine still, but it is sold behind the counter with the pseudoephedrine.
non-OTC oral decongestants
diphenhydramine (Benadryl), brompheniramine, (Dimetane), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), promethazine (Phenergan)
1st generation anithistamines
loratadine (Claritin).
2nd gen antihistamine
fexofenadine (Allegra), cetirizine (Zyrtec).
3rd gen antihistamines
Singulair (montelukast)
Leukotriene rc blocker
beclomethasone (Beconase), triamcinolone (Nasacort),
fluticasone (Flonase), mometasone (Nasonex) – as with all “real” corticosteroids, all of these are prescription drugs;
*the only OTC corticosteroid is the weak, weak 1% hydrocortisone found in some dermatologic preparations.
Corticosteroids –for intranasal admin
beclomethasone
Beconase
triamcinolone
Nasacort
fluticasone
Flonase
mometasone
Nasonex
montelukast
Singulair
fexofenadine
Allegra
cetirizine
Zyrtec
loratadine
Claritin
diphenhydramine
Benadryl
brompheniramine
Dimetane
chlorpheniramine
Chlor-Trimeton
promethazine
Phenergan
pseudoephedrine
Sudafed
phenylephrine
Neo-Synephrine
oxymetazoline
Afrin Nasal Spray
Cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom – also available in a solution that can be nebulized (made into a mist and inhaled) for the lungs (more about this in Chapter 15).
Mast Cell Stabilizers
A good side effect of many antihistamines is their tendency to have an antinausea effect. Only some of the 1st generation drugs are used for this purpose: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Phenergan.
•dextromethorphan or “DMX” (Robitussin) is a synthetic non-addicting opioid-like drug, while morphine, codeine, and hydrocodone (Hycodan) are all schedule III narcotics
•guaifenesin is the most popular OTC expectorant
Antitussives & Expectorants
clotrimazole (Mycelex), nystatin (Mycostatin) given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth
Antifungals
Oral antibiotics include: penicillin VK, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro).
Some antibiotics are too toxic for routine oral administration, so they are used mainly in topical preparations for outer ear infections: chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin Otic Drops), Neosporin (a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B), Bactroban (mupirocin), Floxin (ofloxacin otic solution).
Antibiotics
Cerumenex Ear Drops, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2);
local anesthetics (LAs) like benzocaine and lidocaine (Xylocaine – 4-10%);
salt water (Ocean Spray);
silver nitrate;
Vicks VapoRub
miscellaneous ENT drugs
Allegra-D, Claritin-D, NyQuil, Otobiotic Otic
Combination ENT drugs
the “D” stands for decongestant: fexofenadine plus the Decongestant pseudoephedrine
Allegra-D
loratadine plus the Decongestant pseudoephedrine
Claritin-D
phenylephrine, doxylamine, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen
NyQuil
hydrocortisone, polymyxin B
Otobiotic Otic
to soften earwax
Cerumenex Ear Drops
sodium channel blockers, used to keep nerve transmissions from going down the nerves. * Popular ones for ENT are benzocaine (topical local anesthetic for ear, mouth, nose and throat preparations) and lidocaine (Xylocaine – 4-10%) - notice how concentrated it is when used topically vs. the 1-2% when given by injection for dental procedures.
(LAs) Local Anesthetics
salt water as in Ocean Spray – there is no drug effect, but it is used to irrigate the sinuses.
saline
cautery sticks used for cauterizing nosebleeds and cuts in shaving
silver nitrate
mentholated (eucalyptus oil) based
petroleum jelly
Vicks VapoRub
clotrimazole: given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth
Mycelex
nystatin: given as a “swish and swallow” liquid for thrush infections of the mouth
Mycostatin
penicillin VK, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (Biaxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
oral antibiotics
chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin Otic Drops), Neosporin (a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B), Bactroban (mupirocin), Floxin (ofloxacin otic solution)
used mainly in topical preparations for outer ear infections
*too toxic for routine oral administration
clarithromycin
Biaxin
ciprofloxacin
Cipro
Chloromycetin Otic Drops
chloramphenicol
a topical combination of neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B
Neosporin
mupirocin
Bactroban
ofloxacin otic solution
Floxin
Cromolyn sodium:
also available in a solution that can be nebulized (made into a mist and inhaled) for the lungs
NasalCrom
dextromethorphan or “DMX”:
a synthetic non-addicting opioid-like drug
Robitussin
morphine, codeine, and
hydrocodone (Hycodan)
schedule III narcotics
the most popular OTC expectorant
guaifenesin
