Pulmonary circulation

Question 1

بسم الله توكلنا عليك يارب العالمين :

تأملت أحوال الناس في حالة علو شأنهم، فرأيت أكثر الخلق تبين خسارتهم حينئذ. فمنهم من بالغ في المعاصي من الشباب، ومنهم من فرط
إكتساب العلم، ومنهم من أكثر من الإستمتاع باللذات. فكلهم نادم في حاله الكبر حين فوات الإستدراك لذنوب سلفت أو قوى ضعفت، أو فضيلة فاتت، فيمضي زمان الكبر في حسرات. فإن كانت للشيخ إفاقة من ذنوب قد سلفت قال: واأسفا على ما جنيت. وإن لم يكن له إفاقة صار متأسفا على فوات ما كان يلتذ به. فإما من أنفق عصر الشباب في العلم فإنه في زمن الشيخوخة يحمد جنى ما غرس، ويلتذ بتصنيف ما جمع، ولا يرى ما يفقد من لذات البدن شيئا بالإضافة إلى ما يناله من لذات العلم. هذا مع وجود لذاته في الطلب الذي كان يتأمل به إدراك المطلوب. وربما كانت تلك الأعمال أطيب مما نيل منها

Definition of the pulmonary circulation, bronchial circulation :

Answer 1

it is the movement of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the lung for gas exchange returining the oxygenated blood into the heart to be pumped through all tissue for exchange of metabolites :
depending on taking blood into the alveoli for gas exchange !

Bronchial circulation : 1% of COP is theBLOOD PASSED THORUGH RESPIARTORY DOMAINS for the nutrition of the lungs and repsiratory passage and airways returining the venous blood into systemic venous system and some of it into the pulmonar vien forming the physiological shunt

Question 2

كل الناس يغدو فبائعُُ نفسه فمعتقها أو موبقها ….!

Pulmonary circulation characters :

Answer 2

GRS VGr CLEL
gas exchange,Resevoir , in series , V/p = ,8 , gravity 5 15 25 , VV COLAPIS,LOW RESISTANCE,LOW ELSTICITY, LOW PRESSURE
تساوي السرعة قديم Pre capillary = post capiilary
high edema safety factor
50cm/s
ارقام فترات

Gas exchange
Resevoir
in series with systemic circulation جرس grs
___________________________________
blood entering the lung = COP of right ventricle = COP of Left ventricle
V/P=0.8
Gravity>unequal blood pressure in the pulmnary vessels
5 less blood in apex
15
25 more in base
Pulmnary vessels like veins distensible and colapsible \ even arteries !
Low resistance circulation لانها قصيرة والاوعية الدموية واسعة
elasticty قليلة
low pressure circulation اي كمية دم توديها للرئة لها القدرة علي استيعابها
بسبب capillary recriutment
وتمدد الشعيرات المفتوحة سابفا VGr CLEL

high edema safety factor !
غرقانة اوعية ليمفاوية تشفط اي زيادة في isf
الحويصلات كابسة علي الشعيرات مش عاطيها فرصة ولا فراغ تحط سائل كتير عشان تعمل تورم
ثم لو فلترت مش هتعرف تملي مساحة السطع التنفسي
مساحة سطح التنفس 70 متر مربع

سرعة الدم في الشريان الرئوي =50 سنتي متر في الثانية Hتساوي السرعة قديم
precapillary resistance = post capillary resistance
لتشابه الشريين مع الورييد في التركيب لهما distensibility and colapsibility

مهم جداااااااااااااااا
hypoxia in pulmonary circulation causes Vasoconstriction !!!!!!

SBP=25 mmHg Diastolic =10 mm Hg and PP=15 mmHg
MPP =Diastolic+1/3pp=10+5=15mmHg
so PP=MPP =15 mm Hg
باين فيها الفرق بين كمية الدم في الانقباض والانبساط MORE PULSATILE
pp/SBP = 60% HIGHER THAN SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION PP/SBP =40/120 = 30%

MEAN CAPILLARY PRESSURE = 10 MMHG \
LEFT ATRIAL PRSSURE = 5 MM HG

Osomotic oncotic pressure in the capillaries =25 mm Hg

Transient time : time needed for one RBC to go through the pulmonary circulation and reutrn back to the heart = 0.75 second and can reach 0.3 second in exercise !

Question 3

فإما من أنفق عصر الشباب في العلم فإنه في زمن الشيخوخة يحمد جنى ما غرس، ويلتذ بتصنيف ما جمع، ولا يرى ما يفقد من لذات البدن شيئا بالإضافة إلى ما يناله من لذات العلم.

مهم جداااااااااااااااا
Hypoxia in pulmonary circulation causes

Answer 3

VASO(CONSTRICTION)!!!!!!

Question 4

Pulmonary circulation act as a resvoir show ? AND IT is connected in ,,,,,,with systemic circulation?

Answer 4

In erect positon receive 600-700 ml blood
in supine 1000-1200 ml blood

in series with systemic circulation

Question 5

blood entering the lung = COP of»»»» = COP of&raquo_space;»»»?

Answer 5

right ventricle

Left ventricle

Question 6

Ventilation /perfusion ratio = ?

Answer 6

4,2/5= 0,8 is change under physioligcal conditions like erect and supine position

Question 7

effect of gravity on blood in the lung discuss .

Answer 7

Gravity>unequal blood pressure in the pulmonary vessels
5 less blood in apex
15 in middle
25 more in base

Question 8

Pulmonary vessels even arteries like veins why ?

Answer 8

Pulmonary vessels like veins distensible and collapsible \ even arteries !

Question 9

pulmonary circulation

is of Low resistance why ?. Low

Answer 9

Short length

and the the vessels are dilated

Question 10

Pulmonary ciruclation is low pressure circulation why ?

Answer 10

because of the dilation of the capillaries

and the recriutment and opening of new capillaries

Question 11

high edema safety factors in pulmonary circulation mention

!

Answer 11

There is so many lymphatics around capillaries.

the capillaries are sandwitched between alveoli no space for filtration .

even if there is filtration the respiratory surface area equals 70mm2.

Question 12

سرعة الدم في الشريان الرئوي = سنتي متر في الثانية

Answer 12

50

Question 13

precapillary resistance = post capillary resistance

why ?

Answer 13

Because of the similarity between the aretiole and venules in distensibilty and collapsibulity they both are like veins in structure

Question 14

SBP=25 mmHg Diastolic =10 mm Hg and PP=15 mmHg
MPP =Diastolic+1/3pp=10+5=15mmHg
so ?

Answer 14

PP=MPP =15 mm Hg
باين فيها الفرق بين كمية الدم في الانقباض والانبساط MORE PULSATILE
pp/SBP = 60% HIGHER THAN SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION PP/SBP =40/120 = 30%

Question 15

MEAN CAPILLARY PRESSURE = 10 MMHG \

LEFT ATRIAL PRSSURE = 5 MM HG

Answer 15

Osomotic oncotic pressure in the capillaries =25 mm Hg

Question 16

Transient time :

Answer 16

time needed for one RBC to go through the pulmonary circulation and reutrn back to the heart = 0.75 second and can reach 0.3 second in exercise !

Question 17

there is many pulmonary afferent in many reflexes such as ?

Answer 17

3B :
Bainbridge reflex
BezoldJarisch reflex
Baroreceptor reflex

Question 18

Regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance :mention methods!

Answer 18

1-Chemiacl
2-respiartion
3-nerual

Question 19

Corpulmonale mean > ?>

Answer 19

Right ventricular failure due to Pulmonary HTN !

Question 20

Chemical regulation of the pulmonary vascular resistance discuss.

Answer 20

1- Vasoavtive substances
2-Hypoxia causing vasoconstriction of the pulmnary vessels may leads to pulmnar HTN increasing pulmonary vascular resistance and Right ventricular hypertrophy and Right venrticular Failure : Cor-pulmonale :)-

Question 21

لقد كنت في حلاوة طلبي العلم ألقى من الشدائد ما هو عندي أحلى من العسل، لأجل ما أطلب وأرجو، كنت في زمان الصبا آخذ معي أرغفة يابسة، فأخرج في طلب الحديث، وأقعد على نهر عيسى ، فلا أقدر على أكلها إلا عند الماء، فكلما أكلت لقمة، شربت عليها، وعين همتي لا ترى إلا لذة تحصيل العلم.

The respiration effect on the pulmonary vascular resistance discuss .

Answer 21

During inspiration the alveoli are distended and the blood vessels are dilated of high capacity reducing venous return into the left atrium
during iexspiaration ithe alvolie are emptied and the blood vessels are constricted casuing increased VR

Question 22

Neural effect on the Pulmonary vascular discuss

Answer 22

SYMP VC
PARA VD

ADDITIONAL TIP :
SYMP ? BRONCHODILATION
PARASYMP> BRONCHOCONSTRICTION

Question 23

Describe pulmonary embolism .

Answer 23

An embolism resulted from any thrombosis at the venous system it can be detached and move in venous circulation of block the pulmnary trunk or pulmnoary capillaries this may be fatal

Question 24

Describe pulmonary HTN .

Answer 24

May occur in Mitral stenosis and collection of blood in left atrium increaing the venous pressure in it and the pressure in the veins and capillaries and the arterioles but there is no edems why ?
Beacuse the artrioles somooth muscles contract increasing the precapillary sphincter decresing excess blood to it limiting the filtration from the arteriole so no edema occur

Question 25

in pulmonary HTN , there is no edems why ?

Answer 25

Beacuse the artrioles somooth muscles contract increasing the precapillary sphincter decresing excess blood to it limiting the filtration from the arteriole so no edema occur

Question 26

Pulmonary edema is rare but may occur due to ?

Answer 26

Increased capillary pressure due to increaesd atrial venous pressure
Increased capilary permeability due to toxicity or infections inflammation wara gases

Question 27

الحمدلله رب العالمين