Heart rate regulation Flashcards
Integrated ! Management of Hyperlipidemia
Diet
exercise
drug therapy
Regular intake of fish oil in treat hyperlipidemia ?
: Contain omega 3 fatty acid → formation of inactive TXA3 instead of TXA2 → ↓ platelet aggregation and thrombosis resulting from the atherosclerosis of hyperlpidemia !
Avoid Saturated fatty acid (animal fats) and replace it by unsaturated fatty acids (plant fat) e.g Olive oil, sunflower oil
in hyperlipidemia why ?
Olive oil: ↑ Conversion of active CE in the liver into inactive CE ester → ↓ free Hepatic CE → ↑ hepatic LDL receptors
→ ↑ hepatic LDL uptake from the blood → ↓plasma LDL
ANS role in hear rate ?
The CIC give the vagal parasymapthatic stimulation to the gangila near heart giving post ganglionin to heart
right vasgus san
left vagus AVN WORIKING ON M2 RECEPTORS
The sympathatic stimulation arise from the medulla in VMC by NE adrenergic fibers reaching the sympathatic ganglion (satellite middle cervical ) ouf f which post ganglionic reach the heart causing + properities
tip there is no sympathatic tone so in sympathectomy no marked decrease in HR
but there is a strong vagal tone so in vagectomy or atropine intake there is marked increase in HR
What is the intirinsic heart rate ?
natural intiriscic frequency of SAN CANNOT Appear except in case of stop of sympathatic and parasympathtatic outflow 100bpm
show how cerebral cortex affect HR ?
THIS IS BY THE EFFECT ON VMC
EXCITATORY INCREASING HR BY ALARM EXERCISE MILD MODERATE PAIN
INHIBITORTY GRIEF SEVERE PAIN AND LUNG INFLATION
HOW HYPOTHALAMUS AFFECT THE HR
BY WICH OF SYMPATHATIC OR PARASYMPATHATIC NUCLEI TAKE THE UPPER HAND
SYMPATHATIC NUCLEI DEPENDS ON INTEROMEDIALATERAL Columns of spinal cord
cushing reflex and HR ?
THE INCREASED INTRA CRANIAL PRESSURE CAUSE STIMULATON OF THE VMC AND INCREASING ABP
BARORECEPTORS RESPOND BY STIMULATION OF THE CIC
DECREASING THE HR
Explain Mary law ?
this is the invers relationship betweem the BP AND HR
this because baroreceptors affect the CIC AFFECTING HR INVERSELY
if ABP increased there is stimulation of the baro stimulating cic decresing HR
Bain bridge reflex and heart rate increasing explain ?
in case of increased blood volume and Venous return this affects the low pressure atrial b receptor causing the cranial 9 10 to stimulate the VMC casuing the incrased sympathatic out flow to the heart inccreaasning heat reat
tip cardiopulmonary baroreceptors type A leads to bradycardia
-chemoreceptores are stimulators of VMC increasing the HR IN CASE OF RESPIRATION IF THERE IS NOT RESPIRATION HR DECREASES
Exercising muscles increase the HR ?
THIS IS BEACAUS PROPICEPTORS IMPULSES TO HEART
Explain respiratory sinus arruthima ?~
this simply the increased hr becasue increased inspiration why ?
because inspiration decreases intrathoracic pressure increasing VR and SO Bainbridge reflex increae in HR
2- stimulation of respiartory stretch receptors causing inhibiton of vagaus
3- the respiratory centre itself stimulate VMC causing HR ! INCRESE ! ! !
EPINPEHRIN NOR EPINPEHRIN AND THYROXIN ?
they increase hear rate
but epinephrine decreaes it because of mary law becausse of increaser in the blood pressure
both of them decrease heart rate in high dose due to mary’s law
HYPERCAPNIA HYPOXIA AND ACIDOSIS IN HR ?
SAN ! DECREASING HR
CHEMORECEPTORS STIMULATION OF VMC INCRESING HR
CIC STIMULATION THEN INHIBITION DECRESING THEN INCREASING !
THE heat on HR ?
THE HR INCREASING 10 Beat/degree except in 1- influenza 2-typhoid 3-diphteria
