Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory System DO > Pulmonary Blood Flow Gas Exchange And Transport 2 > Flashcards

Pulmonary Blood Flow Gas Exchange And Transport 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How is O2 transported from the lungs to tissues and why

A

In blood

For use in energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to the waste products (CO2) of the energy production process

A

Transported from tissues to lungs in blood for removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much O2 is dissolved per litre of plasma

A

3ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Hb in RBC do in regards to O2

A

Increases O2 carrying capactiy to 200ml/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the bulk of CO2 transported

A

Tn various forms in solution in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the arterial partial pressure of O2

A

The amount of O2 in solution and is determined by O2 solubility and the partial pressure of O2 in the gaseous phase that is driving O2 into solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the values assigned to the partial pressure of a gas in solution equal to

A

The partial pressure in the gaseous phase that is driving that gas into solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the value of PaO2

A

100 mmHg

Sometimes called oxygen tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is PO2 in solution equal to

A

Po2 in gaseous phase that results in that oxygen concentration in the liquid phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do gases not travel in the gaseous phase in plasma

A

Bubbles would be present in the blood causing a fatal air embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the O2 demand of resting tissues

A

250ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you calculate O2 delivery to tissues

A

Arterial O2 content x Cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much arterial O2 is extracted by peripheral tissues at rest

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How much oxygen does every litre of systemic arterial blood contain

A

About 200ml with over 98% of it being bound to Hb and the rest being dissolved in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many molecules of oxygen does Hb bind

A

Co-operatively binds 4 molecules of oxygen

1.34ml O2 binding to each gram of Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What forms of Hb are found in RBC

A

HbA
HbA2 (where the δ chains replace β)
HbF (where γ chains replace β)
Glycosylated Hb (HbA1a, HbA1b, HbA1c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much HbA is found in RBC

A

92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is type of Hb makes up the remaining 8% of RBC

A

HbA2
HbF
Glycosylated Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the major determinant of the degree to which haemoglobin is saturated with oxygen

A

Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much contact time is required with the alveoli for saturation to be complete

A

0.25s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 in plasma fundamental to

A

In determining how much O2 binds to Hb

22
Q

How much of Hb is saturated with O2 at the normal systemic arterial Po2 of 100 mmHg

23
Q

How much of Hb is saturated with O2 at the Po2 of 60 mmHg

24
Q

What can occur when Po2 is moderately reduced

A

A relatively normal uptake of oxygen by the blood

25
Q

How much of a reserve capacity is present at normal venous PO2

26
Q

What has a higher affinity for O2 than HbA

A

Myoglobin

HbF (Foetal Hb)

27
Q

Why is it important that HbF and myoglobin have a higher affinity than HbA

A

So they can extract O2 from maternal/arterial blood

28
Q

What is anaemia

A

Any condition where the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is compromised

29
Q

Give examples of some types of anaemia or the causes of anaemia

A

Iron deficiency
Haemorrhage
Vitamin B12 deficiency

30
Q

What can change the affinity of Hb for O2

A

The response to certain chemical factors

31
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when pH decreases

A

Hb affinity for O2 decreases

32
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when pH increases

A

Hb affinity for O2 increases

33
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when PCO2 decreases

A

Hb affinity for O2 increases

34
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when PCO2 increases

A

Hb affinity for O2 decreases

35
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when temperature increases

A

Hb affinity for O2 decreases

36
Q

What happens to Hb affinity for oxygen when temperature decreases

A

Hb affinity for O2 increases

37
Q

What happens to Hb affinity when it binds to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate

A

Hb affinity for O2 decreases

38
Q

What is 2,3-diphosphoglycerate synthesised by

A

Erythocytes

39
Q

In what situations does 2,3-diphosphoglycerate increase

A

Situations that are associated with inadequate oxygen supply (e.g. heart or lung disease, living at high altitude)

40
Q

What does 2,3-diphosphoglycerate help maintain

A

Oxygen release in the tissues

41
Q

Describe the structure of Hb

A

4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha, 2 beta) which are each associated with an iron containing haeme group

42
Q

What does it mean when the affinity of Hb for O2 increases

A

It is more difficult to unload O2 and helps in collecting O2 in pulmonary circulation

43
Q

What type of conditions are PCO2, pH and tempreture

A

Conditions which all exist locally in actively metabolising tissues and will facilitate the dissociation of O2 from Hb

44
Q

How can carbon monoxide (CO) be formed

A

From the incomplete combustion of carbon fuel (e.g. car exhaust fumes, faulty heating appliances, lawn mowers)

45
Q

What does CO bind to and form

A

Haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin

46
Q

What is the affinty of CO compared to O2

A

250 times greater than O2

47
Q

Why is CO a problem once it has dissolved in circulation

A

It will bind readily and dissociate very slowly

48
Q

What is the PCO of CO

49
Q

What are the symptoms of CO posioning

A

Hypoxia and anaemia
Nausea and headaches
Cherry red skin and mucous membranes
Potential brain damage and death

50
Q

What happens to the respiratory rate in CO poisoning and why

A

It is unaffected due to normal arterial PCO2

51
Q

What is the treatment for CO poisoning

A

100% oxygen to increase PaO2

Respiratory System DO (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions