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PHTH 517 > PULMONARY > Flashcards

PULMONARY Flashcards

1
Q

During inspiration the ribs ____ and the diaphragm _____

A

rise

lowers

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2
Q

During expiration the ribs ____ and the diaphragm _____

A

lower

rises

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3
Q

When the diaphragm contracts it…

A

flattens pulling air into lungs

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4
Q

Why does air enter the lungs

A

the diaphragm flattens changing the air pressure in the lungs to be less than that outside

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5
Q

When do you breath out

A

when the air pressure in your lungs is equal to that outside

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6
Q

What are the accessory muscles involves in inspiration

A

SCM
Scalene
External intercostals

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7
Q

What are the accessory muscles involved in expiration

A 
Internal intercostals 
External oblique
Rectus abdominis 
transverse abdominis 
Internal oblique
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8
Q

What is the role of the SCM and Scalenes in breathing

A

when breathing in they move sternum forward and first two ribs up

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9
Q

What is the role of the external intercostal in breathing

A

when they contract they lift the ribs up and out

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10
Q

When do the external intercostals begin to fire more

A

when you need to increase frequency and depth of breathing - gives more thoracic cavity movement

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11
Q

Breathing out is typically a ____ process

A

passive - when the inspiration muscles relax it causes expiration

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12
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume inspired or expired per breath

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13
Q

Average tidal volume for men and women

A

M - 600 mL

W - 500 mL

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14
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum expiration at end of tidal expiration

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15
Q

Average expiratory reserve volume for men and women

A

M - 1200 mL

W - 800 mL

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16
Q

Residual lung volume

A

Volume in lungs after maximal expiration

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17
Q

Average residual lung volume for men and women

A

M - 1200 mL

W - 1000 mL

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18
Q

Inspiration reserve volume

A

Max inspiration at end of tidal inspiration

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19
Q

Average inspiration reserve volume for men and women

A

3000 mL

1900 mL

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20
Q

Functional reserve capacity

A

volume in lungs after tidal expiration

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21
Q

Average functional reserve capacity for men and women

A

2400 mL

1800 mL

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22
Q

Functional vital capacity

A

Max volume expired after max inspiration

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23
Q

Average functional vital capacity for men and women

A

4800 mL

3200 mL

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24
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Max volume inspired following tidal expiration

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25
Average inspiratory for men and women
M - 3600 mL | W - 2400 mL
26
Total lung capacity
Volume in lungs after max inspiration
27
Average total lung capacity for men and women
M - 6000 mL | W - 4200 mL
28
What are 6 factors effecting static lung volumes
- Genetics - Sex - Height - Obesity - Chronic disease - Aging
29
Does training effect your static lung volume
no
30
Does smoking effect you static lung volume?
only minimally
31
Why does obesity effect static lung volume
fat pushes on lungs preventing full expiration
32
Is dynamic lung volume trainable? what is it dependent on
yes! on lifestyle and exercise
33
What is dynamic lung volume
Ventilation working dynamically to respond to requirements of the body
34
Dynamic lung volume depends on...
- Volume of air | - Speed of moving the volume of air
35
What is minute ventilation
The volume of air breathed each minute
36
What is alveolar ventilation
Portion of minute ventilation that mixes with air in the alveolar chambers
37
What is the equation for minute ventilation
Breathing rate x tidal volume
38
What is typical minute ventilation
6L/min
39
What can minute ventilation be increased by
- An increase in the rate - An increase in the depth of breathing (tidal volume) - Or both
40
how much of tidal volume is alveoli air
350 mL
41
how much of tidal volume is anatomical dead space
130 mL
42
how much of tidal volume is physiological dead space
negligible
43
What is Alveolar ventilation
AV = (TV - dead space) x breathing frequency
44
Minute ventilation is happening at the ___
mouth
45
Does minute ventilation equal alveolar ventilation?
no - hardly ever
46
____ increases alveolar ventilation
deep breathing
47
Why can you pass out from shallow breathing
because you have low alveolar ventilation, you are only breathing in the dead space
48
The anatomical dead space is in _____
in the bronchioles
49
The physiological dead space is in ____
the alveoli
50
What is ventilation perfusion matching
matching up the alveoli with air and the blood supply
51
How can you modify blood supply to alveoli
body position - utilize gravity
52
What is the goal of breathing during exercise
to match minute ventilation with exercise intensity to maintain alveolar ventilation
53
how does the body match minute ventilation with exercise intensity in order to maintain alveolar ventilation
Increase depth of breathing (TV) and frequency
54
Does the body change tidal volume or breathing frequency first to meet the demands of exercise
tidal volume first
55
you can increase tidal volume to ___ of your total lung capacity
60%
56
What occurs during exercise when you start to max out your tidal volume
you increase breathing frequency
57
What might limit the amount you can increase you tidal volume (pathology)
if you have a chronic condition which prevents how much you can expire
58
What is maximum minute ventilation at rest
Breathing rate x tidal volume = ~6L/min
59
What is maximal voluntary ventilation
volume breathed for 1 minute
60
What is maximal voluntary ventilation in men? women? highly trained men?
M - 140-180 L/min W - 80-120 L/min HT >200 L/min
61
What is the breathing frequency of a healthy young adult ? elite athlete?
35-45 breaths/min? check this | 60-70 breaths/min

PHTH 517 (10 decks)

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