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PHTH 517 > MUSCLE AND NEURAL CONTROL > Flashcards

MUSCLE AND NEURAL CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of tendons

A

To attach muscle to bone and to transfer force from the muscle to generate movement of bone

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2
Q

Muscle is composed of ___ which are composed of _____ which are composed of ____ which are composed of ____ which contain

A 
Bundles of muscle fibres 
Muscle fibres 
Myofibrils
Sarcomeres 
Myosin and Actin
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3
Q

Myosin is ____ filament

and Actin in ___ filament

A

thick

Thin

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4
Q

Does actin or myosin move

A

actin

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5
Q

With concentric contractions the ___ you move the more less force you have

A

quicker

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6
Q

With eccentric the ____ you move the more force

A

slower

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7
Q

What are the two forms of muscles

A

Fusiform and Pennation

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of pennation muscles

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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9
Q

What type of muscle is stronger? why?

A

Pennate - more fibres packed more closely in the muscle

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10
Q

Muscle fibres are at a ____ degree angle in pennate muscles- this results in a ____% loss of strength

A

30

13

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11
Q

Which muscle type has a longer working range? Which has higher force production?

A

fusiform

Pennate

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12
Q

Which muscle type have a stronger force? which have faster contractile rate

A

pennate

Fusiform

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13
Q

Optimal joint angle is influenced by _____

A

muscle length

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14
Q

What is the muscle moment arm

A

little line between muscle and tendon

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15
Q

The longer the moment arm…

A

the closer you are towards optimal length

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16
Q

a decreasing muscle length results in

A

a increasing muscle moment arm

17
Q

Why is -10 degrees optimal joint angle for the hip abductors

A

that is the angle we are when walking. prime roll of hip abductors is to keep the hips level when walking

18
Q

Patellectomy used to be a treatment for _____

A

anterior knee pain

19
Q

How is patellofemoral pain treated now

A

Which a tape job that eventually causes slight tissues changes which change how the patella tracks

20
Q

What is the optimal joint angle for each muscle effected by

A
  • actin-myosin overlap

- Joint biomechanics

21
Q

What position should you muscle test in

A

standardized position for that muscle

22
Q

Characteristics of slow twitch type 1 fibre

A
  • Slow contraction speed
  • low force
  • High aerobic capacity
  • marathon running
23
Q

Characteristics of fast twitch type 2 fibres

A
  • Fast
  • High force (rapid cross over bridge turnover)
  • High anaerobic capacity
  • Sprinters or sports with short sprints
24
Q

Elite trained athletes could have ___ morecapillary beds than an untrained

A

40%

25
Q

Does the time in your life effect when you can influence the change of fibres

A

yes

26
Q

The ratio of muscle fibres per motoneuron is generally related to…

A

a muscles movement function

27
Q

What occurs to fast motor fibres when they are not being used

A

they convert to type 1 motor fibres

28
Q

What principle states that the motor units are recruited in a graded manner from smal to large

A

Henneman’s size principle

29
Q

What occurs are muscle firing rate increases

A

summation occurs - initial small twitch like contraction will build to produce a constant higher force contraction

30
Q

How is force modulated?

A

input from sensory receptors, muscle spindles relay information about stretch

31
Q

What causes motor output in spinal cord

A

Either higher level sensory information coming from brain or sensory neuron synapsing directly on motor neuron

32
Q

EMG can be broken down to….

A

actual motor unit contributing to that action

33
Q

Is amount of electrical activity on an EMG equivalent to force?? why>

A

no

Because there is eccentric firing happening around the same time and it cancels out

34
Q

What muscle is primarily responsible for responding to forward sway

A

gastroc - responds to sensory information from muscle spindle

35
Q

When you add weight to a forward pull what changes occur in muscle activation

A

Motor unit recruitment!! very minor firing rate increase only as an immeidate response

36
Q

To modulate force you either… or…

A

Increase firing rate or recruit more

PHTH 517 (10 decks)

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