MUSCLE AND NEURAL CONTROL

Question 1

What is the role of tendons

Answer 1

To attach muscle to bone and to transfer force from the muscle to generate movement of bone

Question 2

Muscle is composed of ___ which are composed of _____ which are composed of ____ which are composed of ____ which contain

Answer 2

Bundles of muscle fibres 
Muscle fibres 
Myofibrils
Sarcomeres 
Myosin and Actin

Question 3

Myosin is ____ filament

and Actin in ___ filament

Answer 3

thick

Thin

Question 4

Does actin or myosin move

Answer 4

actin

Question 5

With concentric contractions the ___ you move the more less force you have

Answer 5

quicker

Question 6

With eccentric the ____ you move the more force

Answer 6

slower

Question 7

What are the two forms of muscles

Answer 7

Fusiform and Pennation

Question 8

What are the 3 types of pennation muscles

Answer 8

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

Question 9

What type of muscle is stronger? why?

Answer 9

Pennate - more fibres packed more closely in the muscle

Question 10

Muscle fibres are at a ____ degree angle in pennate muscles- this results in a ____% loss of strength

Answer 10

30

13

Question 11

Which muscle type has a longer working range? Which has higher force production?

Answer 11

fusiform

Pennate

Question 12

Which muscle type have a stronger force? which have faster contractile rate

Answer 12

pennate

Fusiform

Question 13

Optimal joint angle is influenced by _____

Answer 13

muscle length

Question 14

What is the muscle moment arm

Answer 14

little line between muscle and tendon

Question 15

The longer the moment arm…

Answer 15

the closer you are towards optimal length

Question 16

a decreasing muscle length results in

Answer 16

a increasing muscle moment arm

Question 17

Why is -10 degrees optimal joint angle for the hip abductors

Answer 17

that is the angle we are when walking. prime roll of hip abductors is to keep the hips level when walking

Question 18

Patellectomy used to be a treatment for _____

Answer 18

anterior knee pain

Question 19

How is patellofemoral pain treated now

Answer 19

Which a tape job that eventually causes slight tissues changes which change how the patella tracks

Question 20

What is the optimal joint angle for each muscle effected by

Answer 20

• actin-myosin overlap

- Joint biomechanics

Question 21

What position should you muscle test in

Answer 21

standardized position for that muscle

Question 22

Characteristics of slow twitch type 1 fibre

Answer 22

• Slow contraction speed
• low force
• High aerobic capacity
• marathon running

Question 23

Characteristics of fast twitch type 2 fibres

Answer 23

• Fast
• High force (rapid cross over bridge turnover)
• High anaerobic capacity
• Sprinters or sports with short sprints

Question 24

Elite trained athletes could have ___ morecapillary beds than an untrained

Answer 24

40%

Question 25

Does the time in your life effect when you can influence the change of fibres

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

The ratio of muscle fibres per motoneuron is generally related to...

Answer 26

a muscles movement function

Question 27

What occurs to fast motor fibres when they are not being used

Answer 27

they convert to type 1 motor fibres

Question 28

What principle states that the motor units are recruited in a graded manner from smal to large

Answer 28

Henneman's size principle

Question 29

What occurs are muscle firing rate increases

Answer 29

summation occurs - initial small twitch like contraction will build to produce a constant higher force contraction

Question 30

How is force modulated?

Answer 30

input from sensory receptors, muscle spindles relay information about stretch

Question 31

What causes motor output in spinal cord

Answer 31

Either higher level sensory information coming from brain or sensory neuron synapsing directly on motor neuron

Question 32

EMG can be broken down to....

Answer 32

actual motor unit contributing to that action

Question 33

Is amount of electrical activity on an EMG equivalent to force?? why>

Answer 33

no | Because there is eccentric firing happening around the same time and it cancels out

Question 34

What muscle is primarily responsible for responding to forward sway

Answer 34

gastroc - responds to sensory information from muscle spindle

Question 35

When you add weight to a forward pull what changes occur in muscle activation

Answer 35

Motor unit recruitment!! very minor firing rate increase only as an immeidate response

Question 36

To modulate force you either... or...

Answer 36

Increase firing rate or recruit more