Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Internal Medicine > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major risk factor for asthma

A

Atopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

80% asthmatics have?

A

Allergic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Genetic predisposition
Atopy
Airway hyperresponsiveness
Gender
Obesity 
Early viral infxns
A

Endogenous factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Indoor/outdoor allergens
Occupational sensitizers
Passive smoking 
Air pollution
Diet
Acetaminophen
A

Environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Allergens
URTI
Exercise
Cold air
Sulfur dioxide 
Drugs
Stress
A

Triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common viral cause of asthma exacerbation

A

Rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infxn in infancy assoc with asthma

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bacterial infxn implicated in severe asthma

A

Mycoplasma & chlamydophila

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothesis that lack of infxn in early childhood preserve TH2 cell at birth

A

Hygiene hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

More severe persistent asthma that has later onset, assoc with nasal polyps and may be aspirin sensitive

A

Intrinsic/ non-atopic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common allergen?

A

Dermatopaghoides/ dust mite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Begins after exercise has ended, recovers spontaneously w/n 30 mins

A

Exercise induced asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Worse in cold, dry climates

A

Exercise induced asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Common in ice/cold sports

A

Exercise induced asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exercise induced asthma is prevented by regular tx with?

A

ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Asthma in obese, difficult to control

A

> 30 kg/m2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Food additive that trigger asthma thru release of sulfur dioxide in stomach

A

Metabisulfite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Physiologic abnormality of asthma

A

Airway hyperresposiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which Inflammatory cells are linked to development of airway hyperresponsiveness due to release of basic proteins and oxygen-deprived free radicals?

A

Eosinophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anti-inflammatory cytokines, and may be deficient in asthma

A

IL-10, IL-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cytokines that mediate allergic reaction

A

IL-4, 5, 9, 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

A

TNF-alpha, IL-1B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lung function test that demonstrate reversibility of airflow limitation

A

> 12% AND 200ml increase in FEV1 15 mins after Inhaled SABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Measures the increase airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma with calculation of provocative concentration that reduces FEV1 by 20%

A

Metacholine or histamine challenge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Diagnostics for asthma

A

Chest Xray is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blood test are not helpful

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Skin prick test

A

In allergic asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Non invasive test to measure eosinophilic airway inflammation

A

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

B2-agonist, anticholinergics, theophylline

A

Relievers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Albuterol and terbutaline

A

SABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Salmeterol, formoterol, indacaterol, olodaterol

A

LABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Potential problem with any agonist given chronically

A

Tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most common side effect of B2-agonist?

A

Muscle tremors and palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Urinary retention in elderly, side effect of what drug?

A

Ipratropium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Ipratropium

A

SAMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Tiotropium, glycopyrronium

A

LAMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Most common side effect of anticholinergics?

A

Dry mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Most common side effect of anticholinergics in elderly

A

Glaucoma and urinary retentiom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Drug that Inhibit phosphodiesterase

A

Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Inhibited by theophylline that Switches off activated inflammatory genes, reduce steroid insensitivity

A

Histone deactetylase 2 (HDAC 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Increased clearance

A

Rifampicin, phenobarbitone, ethanol
Smoking,
BBQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Decreased clearance

A 
Cimetidine, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, allopurinol, zafirlukast
CHF
Pneumonia
Viral infxn, vaccination
Old age
44
Q

Type of asthma that presents with chaotic variations with near normal lung function but precipitous

A

Type 2 brittle asthma

45
Q

Most effective anti-inflammatory agents in asthma

46
Q

First line therapy for patients with persistent asthma

47
Q

Block cys-LT1-receptors

A

Antileukotrienes

48
Q

Inhibit mast cells and sensory nerve activation, blocks exercise induced asthma

A

Cromones, cromolyn sodium

49
Q

Antibody that neutralized circulating IgE without binding to cell bound IgE

A

Omalizumab

50
Q

Reduced blood and tissue eosinophils

51
Q

Impending respiratory failure

A

Ph 7.4, pCO2 40. PaO2 80, HCO3 35

Rising PCO2

52
Q

What lab test to confirm poor asthma control?

A

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide

53
Q

Type of asthma with persistent pattern of variability and require OCS or continuous infusion of B2 agonists

A

Type 1 brittle asthma

54
Q

Tx of type 2 brittle asthma

A

Epinephrine

55
Q

Drugs safe in pregnancy

A

SABA, ICS, Theophylline

56
Q

OCS of choice

A

Prednisone

57
Q

Irreversible airway dilation that involves the lung in a focal pr diffuse manner

A

Bronchiectasis

58
Q

Most common form of brochiectasis

A

Cylindrical / tubular

59
Q

Bronchiectasis in a localized area and may cause obstruction

A

Focal brochiectasis

60
Q

Widespread bronchiectatic changes throughout lungs

A

Diffuse bronchiectasis

61
Q

Most common lung field in cystic fibrosis and also associated with post-radiation fibrosis?

A

Upper lung fields

62
Q

What lung field is associated with chronic recurrent aspiration, end-stage fibrotic lung diseases and infections?

A

Lower lung fields

63
Q

What bacteria is associated with bronchiectasis in midlung fields?

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

Dyskinetic / immotile cilia syndrome

64
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Tracheobrochomegaly ( mounier-kunn syndrome)
Williams-campbell syndrome

A

Central airways

65
Q

Most widely cited mechanism of infections in brochiectasis?

A

Vicious cycle hypothesis

66
Q

Dilated airways arising from parenchyma distortion as a result of lung fibrosis

A

Traction boronchiectasis

67
Q

Most common clinical presentation of bronchiectasis?

A

Persistent productive cough with thick sputum

68
Q

Dilated airways in Xray

A

“Tram tracks”

69
Q

Imaging of choice for boronchiectasis

70
Q

Cross sectional area of airway with diameter of 1.5. What sign?

A

“Signet-ring sign”

71
Q

Inspissated secretions. What sign?

A

“Tree in a bud”

72
Q

Diagnostic criteria for bronchiectasis

A 
2 sputum + culture
1 BAL
1 fluid sample + on culture
Biopsy
\+pleural fluid
73
Q

Most common organism in nontuberculous brochiectasis?

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

74
Q

Prevention of brochiectasis

A

Smoking cessation

75
Q

Decline rate of FEV1 among non-CF bronchiectatic patients

76
Q

Lung disease related to cigarette smoking

77
Q

Indication of early onset COPD

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

78
Q

Protein gene on chromosome 4 related to COPD

A

Hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) gene

79
Q

Abnormal permanent enlargement f air spaces distal to terminal bronchi with destruction of walls

80
Q

Central / proximal parts
Distal alveoli are spared
Related to cigarette smoking
Most common emphysema

A

Centriolobular emphysema

81
Q

Acini are uniformly enlarged in the lower lung zones

Related to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema

82
Q

Most common symptoms of COPD

A

Cough
Sputum
Exertional dyspnea

83
Q

Sign of hyperinflation

A

Barrel chest

84
Q

Sitting position in bronchitis

A

Tripod position

85
Q

Independent poor prognostic factor in COD

A

Bitemporal wasting

86
Q

Paradoxical movement of rib cage with respiration

A

Hoover sign

87
Q

What test to determine Airflow obstruction with reduction in FEV1 & FEV1 / FVC ratio

A

Pulmonary function test

88
Q

Hallmark of COPD

A

Airflow obstruction

89
Q

Pink puffer

90
Q

Blue bloater

A

Chronic bronchitis

91
Q

Persistent productive cough for >3 months in 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic bronchitis

92
Q

Increased size of bronchial mucus glands

Thickness of mucus gland layer / thickness of bronchial walls

A

Reid index

93
Q

Definitive test for living subjects with COPD

94
Q

Most important intervention in chronic bronchitis

A

Smoking cessation

95
Q

Anticholinergic that may produce acute improvement in FEV1

A

Ipratropium bromide

96
Q

Tx for smoking cessation

A

Bupropion
Varenicline
Nicotine patch

97
Q

Acute narrowing of bronchioles due to bronchospasm

A

Bronchial asthma

98
Q

Sputum cytology in asthma

A

Curschmann spirals
Eosinohils
Charcot-leyden crystals

99
Q

Twisted mucus plugs

Results from extracted mucus plugs

A

Curschmann spirals

100
Q

Eosinophil membrane protein

A

Charcot-leyden crystals

101
Q

Ciliated columnar cells that is sloughed off

A

Areola bodies

102
Q

Triad of asthma

A

Cough
Wheezing
Dyspnea

103
Q

Stimuli that can produce constant symptoms

A

Respiratory virus

104
Q

GOLD

FEV 1/ FVC <0.7, FEV >80%

A

GOLD STAGE I (MILD)

105
Q

GOLD

FEV 1/ FVC <0.7, FEV >50% but <80%

A

GOLD STAGE II (MODERATE)

106
Q

GOLD

FEV 1/ FVC <0.7, FEV >30% but <50%

A

GOLD STAGE III (SEVERE)

107
Q

GOLD

FEV 1/ FVC <0.7, FEV <30%

A

GOLD STAGE IV (VERY SEVERE)

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions