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Internal Medicine > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Normal BP

A

< 120/<80 mmHg

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2
Q

Elevated BP

A

120-129/<80 mmHg

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3
Q

Stage 1

A

130-139/80-89 mmHg

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4
Q

Stage 2

A

> 140/>90 mmHg

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5
Q

What is most common cause of secondary HPN?

A

Primary renal disease

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6
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

24h urinary fractionated metanephrines

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7
Q

Cushings syndrome test

A

Dexa suppresion test

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8
Q

Urinary metabolite in pheochromocytoma

A

VMA

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9
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism test

A

Serum Ca

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10
Q

Cushing triad

A

Moon facies
Buffalo hump
Abdominal striae

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11
Q

High BP in upper ex, lower BP in lower ex

A

Coarctation of aorta

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12
Q

HPN, HYPOKALEMIA, NORMAL RENIN AND ALDOSTERONE

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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13
Q

High GH after closure of epiphyseal plates, in adults

A

Acromegaly

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14
Q

Prognathism, frontal bossing

A

Acromegaly

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15
Q

High GH before closure of epiphyseal plates, in children

A

Gigantism

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16
Q

DOC for ACROMEGALY

A

Octreotide

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17
Q

Initial diagnostic test for primary HPN

A

TSH

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18
Q

Optional tests

A

Echo, uric acid, urinary albumin to crea ratio

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19
Q

Early marker of renal injury, and risk factor for renal disease progression and CVD

A

Urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio

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20
Q

Random A/C ratio , > 300 mg/g

A

Macroalbuminuria

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21
Q

Random A/C ratio 30-300 mg/g

A

Microalbuminuria

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22
Q

Classic symptom of Peripheral arterial disease

A

Intermittent claudication

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23
Q

Diagnostic of PAD

A

Ankle brachial index <0.90

24
Q

ABI

A

Ankle systolic pressure / brachial systolic pressure

25
Q

Normal ABI

A

0.91- 1.29

26
Q

Diminished pulse Associated with heavy smoking

A

Buerger’s disease

27
Q

IGA nephropathy

A

Bergers disease

28
Q

Non pharma highest SBP lowering effect in HPN

A

DASH diet ( -11 mmHg)

29
Q

DASH diet

A

Dietary approaches to stop hypertension

30
Q

DASH Sodium limit

A

1500 mg/day

31
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

> 130/80 threshold

Goal: <130/80

32
Q

Secondary stroke prevention BP threshold

33
Q

Thiazide diuretics WOF

A

Hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia

34
Q

Risk for hyperkalemia, avoided in pregnancy, ARF in severe Bilateral RAS

35
Q

No no no

A

ACEi + ARB

36
Q

ACEi in pregnant women

A

Renal Agenesis

37
Q

Do not use in HFrEF (HF with reduced Ejection fraction) bec negative inotropic effect

A

CCB nondihydro/ dihydro

38
Q

Increased brady and heart block

A

CCB nondihydro + Beta Blockers

Avoid mixing!

39
Q

Preferred for symptomatic HF

A

Loop diuretics

40
Q

Preferred for primary aldosteronism and resistant HPN

A

Spironolactone and eplerenone

41
Q

Gynecomastia and impotence

A

Spironolactone

42
Q

Beta blocker cause gynecomastia

A

Cimetidine

43
Q

Anti fungal cause gynecomastia

A

Ketoconazole

44
Q

Beta blocker noncardioselective

Avoided in Reactive airway disease

A

Propanolol

45
Q

Preferred in HF with reduced Ejection fraction

A

Bisoprolol and metoprolol sipuccinate

46
Q

Beta blockers with alpha and beta receptor activity

A

Carvedilol, labetalol

47
Q

Also preferred in HFrEF

A

Carvedilol

48
Q

Direct renin inhibitor, do not combine with ACEi or ARB BEC increased risk HyperKalemia

A

Alliskrein

49
Q

Alpha 1 blockers, orthostatic hypotension

A

Terazosin, prazosin

50
Q

Central alpha 2 agonist, last line

A

Clonidine, methyldopa

51
Q

Hypertensive crisis

A

> 180/>120 with organ damage

52
Q

Widening of mediastinum in xray sign

A

Aortic dissection/ rupture

53
Q

Target organ damage in hypertensive emergency

A

Eyes, brain, heart, kidney

54
Q

Flea bitten kidney, fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles - “onion skin”

A

Malignant hypertension

55
Q

Cause of cyanide toxicity

A

Cyanide poisoning

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

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