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Internal Medicine > CHF > Flashcards

CHF Flashcards

1
Q

Complex clinical syndrome that results from either structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood

A

Congestive heart failure

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2
Q

Cardinal clinical symptoms

A

Dysnea

fatigue

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3
Q

Signs of heart failure

A

Edema

Rales

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4
Q

EF <40%

Systolic failure

A

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

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5
Q

HF >50%

Diastolic failure

A

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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6
Q

Depressed ejection fraction >40-50%

A 
CAD- MI
Chronic pressure overload-HPN
Chronic volume overload
Chronic lung disease
Chagas disease
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7
Q

Preserved Ejection <40%

A 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies
HPN
Aging
Restrictive cardiomyopathy- sarcoidosis, amyloidosis
Hemochromatosis
Fibrosis
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8
Q

High output states

A

Thyrotoxicosis
Beriberi
Systemic arteriovenous shunting
Chronic anemia

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9
Q

Decreased ventricular contraction, CAD, dilated cardiomyopathy, Low EF

A

Systolic dysfunction

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10
Q

Noncompliant ventricle, Concentric LVH

A

Diastolic dysfunction

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11
Q

Most common cause of myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie B virus

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12
Q

Post MI pericarditis

A

Dressler’s syndrome

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13
Q

Most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Amyloidosis

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14
Q

2D Echo finding of amyloidosis

A

Sparkling granular appearance

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15
Q

No limitation of physical activity

Ordinary activity does not cause fatigue

A

NYHA CLASS I

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16
Q

Slight limitation of physical activity

Ordinary activity results in fatigue

A

NYHA CLASS II

17
Q

Marked limitation

Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue

A

NYHA CLASS III

18
Q

Inability to carry out physical activity

Symptomatic at rest

A

NYHA CLASS IV

19
Q

HF with Preserved Ejection Fraction

A 
Control congestion
Improve exercise tolerance
Stabilize HR and BP
- CANDESARTAN (CHARM trial)
-DIGOXIN and NEBIVOLOL trial: ineffective
20
Q

Cornerstone therapy for HFREF

A

RAAS blockers

Beta blockers

21
Q

Beneficial to HF are limited to these 3 Beta-blockers

A

Carvedilol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol succinate

22
Q

For HFREF, initial strategy

A

ACEI + BB

23
Q

If ACEI intolerant

A

ARB + BB

24
Q

If symptomatic NYHA II-IV?

A

ARB + BB + ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST ( SPIRONOLACTONE AND EPLERENONE)

25
Q

4 drug therapy should be avoided

A

True

26
Q

For HFREF

A 
Hydralazine + Nitrates
Ivabradine
Valsartan + sacubitril
Diuretics
Aspirin
27
Q

Control heart rate, acts on funny channels

A

Ivabradine (Coralan)

28
Q

Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel blockers
Lower heart rate without affecting contractility

A

Ivabradine

29
Q

Endopeptidase inhibitor

A

Sacubitril

30
Q

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI)

A

Sacubitril

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

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