Pulm Random

Question 0

Causes of ARDS

Answer 0

Trauma, sepsis, shock, gastric aspiration, uremia, acute pancreatitis, amniotic fluid embolism

Question 1

Asthma cytokines

Answer 1

IL-4 –> IgE –> histamine –> inflammation

IL-10 –> Th2 –> IL-5 –> eosinophils –> chronic bronchitis & charcot-laden crystals (eosinophilic breakdown)

Question 2

Etiology of ARDS

Answer 2

Diffuse alveolar damage –> increased capillary permeability –> protein leakage into alveoli –> pulmonary edema –> intra-alveolar hyaline membranes

Question 3

Lobar pneumonia - species and tx

Answer 3

Strep Pneumo, legionella, and Klebsiella ( current jelly sputum)

Tx: macrolide (legionella or penicillin allergy) or cephalosporins in klebsiella

Question 4

Long pneumonia - characteristics

Answer 4

Intra-alveolar exudates –> consolidation; may involve entire lobe or lung

Question 5

Bronchopneumonia - bugs and drugs

Answer 5

Bugs: strep. Pneumo, staph. Aureus, H. Flu, Klebsiella
Tx: cefuroxime, Amoxicillin

Question 6

Bronchopneumonia - characteristics

Answer 6

Acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli; patchy distribution involving one or more lobes

Question 7

Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia - bugs and drugs

Answer 7

Bugs: viruses (influenza, CMV, RSV, adenovirus), mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia
Drugs (if bacterial): macrolides (Azithromycin)

Question 8

Interstitial pneumonia - characteristics

Answer 8

Diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls; diffuse distribution involving 1 or more lobes. Indolent “walking” pneumonia

Question 9

Lung abscess/aspiration pneumonia - bugs and drugs

Answer 9

Bugs: bacterioides, fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus, s. aureus
Drugs: Clindamycin

Question 10

Lung abscess - characteristics

Answer 10

Foul smelling green sputum, air fluid levels seen on CXR. Increased risk in alcoholics and seizure disorders