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panre > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

1
Q

Etio Epiglottitis

A

Hib

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2
Q

Thumb sign

A

Epiglottitis (thumb sign is enlarged epiglottis)

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3
Q

Tx Epiglottitis

A

3rd gen Ceph: Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime + anti staph abx

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4
Q

Steeple sign

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis (narrowing of the trachea)

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5
Q

Influenza antivirals

A

Oseltamivir infants and adults

Zanamivir age 7+ only

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6
Q

Stages of Pertussis

A

Catarrhal: URI sx
Paroxysmal: progressively worsening cough
Convalescent: gradually improves
Tx: Macrolide only in the first few weeks. Pt no longer contagious after 5d of tx or after 3 weeks no tx

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7
Q

PNA pathogen: Currant jelly sputum + alcoholic

A

Klebsiella

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8
Q

Decision to hospitalize for PNA

A 
CURB-65 (1 pt each)
Confusion
Uremia (BUN > 19)
Respirations >30
Blood pressure (hypotension)
65: age over 65

2 pts: outpatient with close observation
3+ inpatient

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9
Q

Outpatient tx PNA

A

Macrolides or Doxy

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10
Q

Inpatient PNA

A

Levaquin OR Macrolide + Ceftriaxone

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11
Q

CXR findings in TB

A

Hilar adenopathy

Infiltrates/cavities middle and lower lobes

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12
Q

TX active TB

A 
RIPE x2 months then continue INH and Rifampin x 4 mo for total of 6 months
Rifampin
INH
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
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13
Q

+ PPD

A

> 5mm: HIV, Close contacts with active TB, Immunosuppression, CXR shows healed TB
10mm: recent immigrants, drug use, healthcare workers, prisoners, malignancy, DM
15mm no risk factors

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14
Q

Tx options for latent TB

A

If negative CXR:
INH + Pyrodixne (B6) x 9 mo
Alternative first line is 3 months of once weekly INH +Rifapentine if DOT

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15
Q

Sx Carcinoid syndrome

A

Flushing
Diarrhea
Bronchospasm
CXR shows pulmonary nodule: definitive dx biopsy

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16
Q

Small cell lung CA

A

Very aggressive
Associated with SIADH and Cushings
Poor prognosis so usually not surgical candidates, tx with chemo and radiation

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17
Q

Etio bronchiectasis

A

Repeated infections that causes permanent dilation of bronchioles. Cystic fibrosis.

18
Q

Dx bronchiectasis

A

CXR: Tram lines
PFTs: obstructive pattern
CT for dx

19
Q

What tx shown to have benefit in reducing exacerbations and improve lung function in bronchiectasis?

A

Long term azithromycin

20
Q

CXR: increased A/P ratio and flattened diaphragm

A

COPD (hyperinflation)

21
Q

PFTs in COPD

A

Obstructive pattern:

FEV1

22
Q

EKG change in pt with COPD?

A

MAT

23
Q

When to offer O2 in COPD pt?

A

Sat

24
Q

Cystic fibrosis: sx in pediatric pt

A

Absent vas deferens

Bowel obstruction/failure to pass meconium

25
Q

What other organ associated with cystic fibrosis?

A

Pancreas (adults will have steatorrhea)

26
Q

Dx cystic fibrosis

A

Sweat chloride test >60

27
Q

Surfactant deficiency

A

Hyaline membrane disease

28
Q

Abdominal exam finding most consistent with sarcoidosis

A

HSM

29
Q

3 phases of pertusiss

A

Catarrhal: URI sx; most infectious stage
Paroxysmal: cough with vomiting
Convalescent: resolving

30
Q

What is positive PPD in an HIV positive pt?

A

> 5mm

31
Q

Positive ppd in a Diabetic?

A

> 10mm

32
Q

Positive ppd in a recent immigrant?

A

> 10mm

33
Q

Positive ppd in a pt who has had close contact with TB?

A

> 5mm

34
Q

Positive ppd in pt without risk factors?

A

> 15mm

35
Q

Sx carcinoid syndrome

A

Diarrhea, flushing, bronchospasm

36
Q

Most aggressive lung CA?

A

Small cell

37
Q

Pharmacology Cromolyn?

A

Mast cells inhibitor

38
Q

Most common paraneoplastic finding in lung CA?

A

Hypercalcemia

39
Q

ABG: Normal pH?

A

7.35-7.40

40
Q

ABG: normal PC02

A

40

41
Q

ABG: normal HCO3

A

24-28

panre (11 decks)

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