MSK Flashcards
Neer and Hawkings
Impingement
Most common area of the clavicle to fracture
Middle third, then distal third
Nursemaid elbow
radial head subluxation. Pt presents with arm in pronation.
Monteneggia fracture
MUGR: ulnar fracture with radial dislocation (radial nerve injury)
Galeazzi
Distal radius fracture with ulnar dislocation (ulnar nerve injury)
Colles
Distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the wrist.
Dinner fork deformity
Dinner fork deformity
Colles
Smith fracture
Distal radius fracture with volar displacement of the wrist (opposite of Colles)
Gold standard dx for scaphoid
MRI. If unclear on initial XR, splint in thumb spica and repeat imaging in 1 week
Tx scaphoid fracture
stable and non displaced= short arm case for 3 months. Otherwise, surgery.
Tx ankylosing sponydlitis
NSAIDs and PT. Do not use systemic steroid or DMARDS. Maybe interarticular steroid injections
What are “red flags” for imaging LBP?
Weight loss Over age 50 H/o CA Fever Nighttime pain
Cauda Equina sx
LBP Saddle anesthesia Bowel/bladder anesthesia LE weakness Absent LE DTRs Pain radiates to both legs
Bamboo sign
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Definitive tx cauda equina
Surgical decompression
Give steroid, dx with MRI
Cobb angle diagnosis for scoliosis
More than 10 degrees
Over 30 bracing
Over 50 surgery
Legg-Calve-Perthe
Avascular necrosis of the hip in children. Pain and limping. Hip or knee pain
SCFE
Epiphysis slips posteriorly and causes internal rotation of the hip. 12 yo obese. Slow onset.
How long should pts be screen for developmental hip dysplasia?
Until age 2
Ortolani
Start in adduction and ABduct and lift trochanter anteriorly
Barlow
Start in abduction and push posteriorly
Imaging for developmental hip dysplasia?
Under 6 months US
Over 6 months XR
Tx developmental hip dysplasia
Under 6 months Pavlik harness
Over 6 months reduction
Externally rotated shortened leg?
Suspect displaced femoral neck (hip) fracture
Most accurate test for ACL tear?
Lachman
Positive McMurray or Apley?
Meniscal tear
Osgood Schlatter diagnosis
Clinical. No XR needed
Bouchard vs Heberden
Bouchard PIP Heberden DIP
6 P’s of compartment syndrome
Pain, pallor paresthesias, pulselessness, paralysis, pressure
High purine foods
Meat, seafood, ETOH
Progressive proximal muscle weakness
Polymyositis (difficulty standing from a chair or combing hair). Definitive dx is biopsy.
PMR
Morning pain and stiffness. Neck, shoulders and pelvis. Associated with giant cell arteritis
Best test for SLE
ANA
Sjogrens diagnosis
Schirmer test
What X-ray signs suggest supracondylar fracture
Anterior sail or posterior fat pad
15 y/o presents with joint pains x 8 weeks and intermittent fever with salmon colored rash on trunk. Dx?
JRA
Tx PCN allergic dog bite
Cipro/Levaquin (1st line Augmentin)
What Cobb angle diagnosis for scoliosis?
10
TX scoliosis?
greater than 30 bracing
greater than 50 surgery
Empiric ABX for septic arthritis?
Ceftrixone and vanco (usually staph and strep)
Sunburst pattern
osteosarcoma
Moth eaten pattern on XR
ewing sarcoma
Polymyositis
Proximal painless weakness Trouble getting up from a chair or combing hair Muscle biopsy High dose steroids Associated with malignancy
Small to medium vessel necrotizing vasculitis
Polyarteris nodosa
