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PANRE > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Majority of varicoceles on what side

A

left. If found on the right side can be associated with vena cava obstruction (think malignancy!)

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2
Q

Tx stress incontinence (RX)

A

A agonist (pseudoephedrine) or TCA

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3
Q

Tx urge incontinence (RX)

A

oxybutynin or anticholinergics, 2nd line botox

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4
Q

TX nephrolithiasis

A

Stones

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5
Q

Oxalate rich foods

A

Nuts bran spinach Vit c

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6
Q

Paraphimosis vs Phimosis

A

Paraphimosis: foreskin is retracted, tourniquet effect; emergency
Phimosis: cannot be retracted, not emergent

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7
Q

Physical exam findings testicular torsion

A

Negative cremasteric reflex on affected side
High riding testicle
Negative Prehn sign (there is no relief when you lift the testicle. In epididymitis there is a positive Prehn sign, there is relief when lifting the testicle)

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8
Q

Examples of complicated cystitis

A 
pregnancy
males
s/p foley cath
structural abnormality
immunocompromised
diabetes
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9
Q

Initial tx cystitis: Pregnancy

A

Macrobid

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10
Q

Initial tx cystitis complicated

A

Fluoroquinolone

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11
Q

Tx Pyelo

A

Fluoroquinolone until cultures are done

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12
Q

Epididymitis etio more than 35 y/o

A

GC/CT less than 35 More than 35 y/o is E. Coli

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13
Q

Positive Prehn sign

A

Elevating testicle provides relief of pain. Seen in epididymitis

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14
Q

TX Epididymitis

A

more than 35 y/o Cipro (E Coli)

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15
Q

Tx for orchitis secondary to mumps

A

Symptomatic: ice, elevate, NSAIDs

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16
Q

Acute prostatitis etio and tx

A

E coli, Cipro or Septra x 2-4 weeks

Dx with urine culture

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17
Q

Prostatic massage:

A

No for acute prostatitis
Yes for chronic prostatitis, culture secretions and urine but still difficult to obtain culture so tx empirically x 6 weeks with Cipro or Septra

18
Q

Most important risk factor for bladder CA

A

Smoking

Bladder CA usually transitional cell carcinoma

19
Q

Next step pt > 40 y/o painless hematuria

A

Cystoscopy, CT

20
Q

Avg age for testicular CA

A

15-35

21
Q

Most common germ cell tumor

A

Seminoma

22
Q

What labs elevated with testicular CA

A

LDH
AFP
HCG

23
Q

Eval of testicular CA

A

US

No biopsy due to risk of metastatic spread to lymph nodes

24
Q

Most common renal malignancy in children

A

Wilms Tumor

25
Q

Child with urogenital malformations (cryptorchidism, hypospadias) associated with what?

A

Wilms Tumor

26
Q

Child with unilateral painless abdominal mass?

A

US, concerned about Wilms Tumor. 10% are metastatic at the time of dx

27
Q

Most common cause Acute Kidney Injury (acute renal failure)

A

Pre-renal: decrease perfusion

28
Q

2nd most common cause acute kidney injury

A

Intrinsic: ATN

29
Q

How do NSAIDs and contrast affect the kidney?

A

Constrict afferent arteriole

30
Q

Tx pre renal acute kidney injury vs intrinsic acute kidney injury

A

Pre-renal tx: fluids, is reversible

Intrinsic: if ATN: fluids will not help

31
Q

ESRD is eGFR

A

less than 15

32
Q

Initiating an ACEI in CKD

A

Repeat labs 3d after starting ACEI/ARB. D/C if Cr increases over 30% from baseline or increased K+

33
Q

What metabolic changes with CKD?

A

Hyperphosphatemia (reduced excretion)
Hypocalcemia (lack of Vit D activation)
Initially leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism

34
Q

Sx post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

A

hematuria, edema, HTN

35
Q

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy: presents as hematuria a few days after URI

36
Q

Renal artery stenosis in a woman less than 50?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

37
Q

Exaggerated rise in creatinine with an ACEI or ARB suspect what?

A

RAS

38
Q

Recurrent flash pulmonary edema suspect what condition?

A

RAS

39
Q

Nephrogenic DI

A

PP makes lots of ADH but the kidneys are insensitive to it so ADH is not working. Usually caused by lithium or hypercalcemia. Causes hypernatremia (pt have polyuria) Will have low urine osmolality and high serum osmolality (dilute urine, salty blood)

40
Q

Tx DI and how to differentiate between nephrogenic and central DI?

A

ADH
If it fixes the problem (pt urinates less and then urine becomes more concentrated) then the problem was central DI (not producing enough ADH). If it does not fix the problem it is nephrogenic (insensitive to ADH)

41
Q

SIADH causes what electrolyte abnormality and what does the urine and serum look like?

A

Retain fluids, causes hyponatremia, high urine osmolality low serum osmolality

42
Q

Tx asymptomatic hyponatremia?

A

Fluid restriction. Can also treat with normal saline and possibly a loop diuretic

PANRE (11 decks)

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