PUGAD BIOCHEM

Question 0

Has a polar, uncharged R group

Answer 0

Cysteine

Question 1

Has a nonpolar R group

Answer 1

Valine

Question 2

Has a nonpolar R group

Answer 2

Alanine

Question 3

Has a negatively charge R group

Answer 3

Aspartic acid / Aspartate

Question 4

The naturally occurring tranquilizer of the body is derived from this amino acid

Answer 4

Glutamic acid

Question 5

Is the form of a molecule that has an equal number of positive and negative charges and thus is electrically neutral

Answer 5

Isoelectric species

Question 6

Is the amino acid arrangement maintained by peptide bonds

Answer 6

Primary level

Question 7

Are maintained by hydrogen bonds between at groups and other special bonds such as the disulfide bridge between cysteine

Answer 7

Tertiary and quarternary level

Question 8

Are the two most commonly seen secondary level structures.

Answer 8

Alpha helix and beta helix

Question 9

The stability of it arises primarily from hydrogen bonds formed between the oxygen of the peptide bond carbonyl and the hydrogen atom of the peptide bond nitrogen of the fourth residue down the polypeptide chain

Sheets derive much of their stability from hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen of peptide bonds

Answer 9

Alpha helix

Question 10

The most visible effect of denaturation on proteins

Answer 10

Decreased solubility

Question 11

Separates compounds based on their chemical properties and by extension their solubility

Answer 11

Paper chromatography

Question 12

Separates on the basis of size

Answer 12

Gel-infiltration chromatography

Question 13

Separates on the basis of their net charge

Answer 13

Ion-exchange chromatography

Question 14

Takes advantage of the high affinity of many proteins for specific chemical groups

Answer 14

Affinity chromatography

Question 15

This could be a limiting amino acid in an incomplete protein

Answer 15

Tryptophan

Question 16

Oxidative deamination refers to the removal of an amine group.

Answer 16

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Question 17

Catalyzes the reaction of glutamate and NH4+ to glutamine in the mitochondria

Answer 17

Glutamine synthetase

Question 18

Catalyzes the reaction of glutamine to glutamate and NH4+

Answer 18

Glutaminase

Question 19

L-amino acid oxidase is a class of oxidoreductase that reacts an L-amino acid to its 2-oxo form and NH4+

Answer 19

L-amino acid oxidase

Question 20

Is found as a dimer in secretions mainly found on the surface of epithelial cells

Answer 20

IgA

Question 21

Is a B-cell receptor associated with normal B cell development

Answer 21

IgD

Question 22

Efficiently opsonizes pathogen for engulfment by phagocytes and activates the complement system

Answer 22

IgG

Question 23

The first antibody in development and response because it is produced before B cells have undergone somatic hypermutation

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

Is bound by receptors on mast cells, causing antigen binding to release powerful chemical mediators involved in allergic responses

Answer 24

IgE

Question 25

Classical pathway of complement activation Is not specific to any one pathogen but rather constitutes a first line of defense

Answer 25

Innate immunity

Question 26

This pathway can convert glucose to ascorbic acid Catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucuronic acid to ascorbic acid

Answer 26

Glucuronic acid/uronic pathway

Question 27

Also known as the glycolysis pathway

Answer 27

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Question 28

A process that generates NADPH and penthouses

Answer 28

Pentose phosphate pathway / phosphogluconate

Question 29

Is also known as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D because it has two hydroxy groups on carbon 1 and 25 by the enzyme calciol-25-hydroxylase in the liver and calcidiol-1-hydroxylase in the kidney

Answer 29

Activated VITAMIN D

Question 30

Induces squamous metaplasia in the respiratory epithelium

Answer 30

Deficiency of vitamin A (retinoic acid)

Question 31

This is a test for folic acid deficiency

Answer 31

Histidine load test

Question 32

This vitamin functions as coenzyme in the major anaplerotic reaction of the body Is a coenzyme active when covalently attached to a carboxylase, participating in carboxylation reactions

Answer 32

Biotin

Question 33

Is the addition of a carboxylic acid group to a substrate such as in the formation of oxaloacetate by the carboxylation of pyruvate, catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 33

Carboxylation

Question 34

Are those that form intermediates of metabolic pathway

Answer 34

Anaplerotic reactions

Question 35

Has been shown to correlate the iron absorption

Answer 35

Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine deficiency