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Micro Flashcards

0
Q

Trachoma: C. Trachomatis types A-C, chronic keratoconjunctivitis

Genital tract infections: C. Trachomatis types D-K, most common cause of STDs, associated with Reiter’s syndrome

Late-onset neonatal pneumonia: C. Trachomatis types D-K, staccato cough

Lymphogranuloma venereum: C. Trachomatis types L1-L3, suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis (buboes), positive FREI test

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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1
Q

Primary syphilis: reaches inguinal lymph nodes within hours, characteristic lesion is painless chancre

Secondary syphilis: characteristic lesion - condylomata lata, lymphadenopathy, malaise, anorexia

Tertiary syphilis: characteristic lesion - gummas, dorsal columns affected (tabes dorsalis), CNS involvement (demential paralytica), argyll-robertson pupil, aortitis due to invasion of vasa vasorum

Congenital syphilis: snuffles/saddle nose, mulberry molars, Hutchinson’s triad (Hutchinson teeth, deafness, keratitis), sabre shins, rhagades (angle of mouth), Higoumenakis sign (clavicle), Clutton’s joints (synovitis), pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

UTI: most common cause of community acquired UTIs

Neonatal meningitis: 2nd most common cause

Traveler’s diarrhea: causative agent: ETEC

HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME: causative strain - EHEC, E. coli 0157:H7; toxin- verotoxin (Shiga-like); triad- thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal failure; associated food- undercooked beef

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q

Enterocolitis: causative strain: salmonella enteriditis; abdominal pain and nonbloody diarrhea

Typhoid fever: causative strain- salmonella typhi; W1-stepladder fever, relative bradycardia (pulse fever disproportion)
W2- rose spots, abdominal pain
W3- bleeding, eleitis
W4- death or recovery

Sepsis: causative strain- salmonella cholerasois, osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell

A

Salmonella spp

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4
Q

Pruritis of scalp on trunk; nits seen on hair shaft

A

Pediculus humanus (lice)

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5
Q

Pruritis in pubic area; nits seen on hair shaft

A

Phthirus pubis (lice)

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6
Q

Pruritic, painful and erythematous nodule; larva may be seen emerging from nodule

A

Dermatitis hominis (flies)

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7
Q

Pruritic, erythematous wheal

A

Cimex lectularius (bedbugs)

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8
Q

Pruritic, erythematous papules, and linear tracks

A

Sarcoptes scabei (mites)

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9
Q

Ascending paralysis

A

Dermacentor (ticks)

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10
Q

Wading in floodwaters

A

Leptospira interrogans

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11
Q

Swimming in lakes

A

Naegleria fowleri

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12
Q

Unpasteurized milk

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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13
Q

AIDS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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14
Q

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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15
Q

Head trauma

Otitis media

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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16
Q

Living in close quarters

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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17
Q

Unvaccinated children

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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18
Q

Prominent thick, gray, pseudomembranes over tonsils and throat

Complications: airway obstruction, myocarditis, cranial nerve and/or muscle paralysis

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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19
Q

Tumbling motility

Early-onset neonatal listeriosis (granulomatosis infantiseptica)

Late-onset neonatal meningitis

Adult meningitis

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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20
Q

Toxin: tetanospasmin

Strong muscle spasm (spastic paralysis, tetany)

Lockjaw (trismus)

Risus sardonicus

Opisthotonos

Respiratory failure

A

Clostridium tetani

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21
Q

Gas gangrene (clostridial myenecrosis)

  • pain, edema and cellulitis with crepitation
  • hemolysis and jaundice are common (alpha toxin)
A

Clostridium perfringens

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22
Q

Bright red cheek rash (slapped cheeks)

A

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

ParvovirusB19

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23
Q

In children with sickle cell

A

Aplastic crisis

Parvovirus B19

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24
2nd trimester: hydrops fetalis
Fetal infection Parvovirus B19
25
Formation of cytoplasmic vacuole (koilocytes)
Human papilloma virus
26
Skin and plantar warts
HPV 1-4
27
Anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata) Most common viral STD
HPV-6 and 11
28
Carcinoma of cervix, penis and anus, vulva
HPV-16,18,31,33
29
Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear COWDRY type A bodies on brain biopsy
Herpes simplex virus
30
Gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis, keratoconjunctivitis, temporal lobe encephalitis, herpes whitlow (fingers), herpes gladiatorum (trunk)
HSV-1
31
Genital herpes
HSV-2
32
Replicates in motor neurons in anterior horm cells of spinal cord, causing paralysis
Poliovirus
33
Herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Coxsackie virus type A
34
Myocarditis and pericarditis Most common cause of aseptic meningitis (most common cause is enterovirus)
Coxsackie virus type B
35
Centrifugal rash 2 weeks after respiratory infection (dewdrop on a rose appearance) SHINGLES occurs during reactivation Site of latency: dorsal root ganglion
Varicella zoster virus
36
Most common cause of congenital abnormalities
Congenital CMV infection
37
Heterophil-negative mononucleosis
CMV Systemic CMV infections in immunocompromised patients
38
Kissing disease Splenic rupture is a rare complication
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
39
Malignancies: Burkitt's lymphoma (Africans), B-cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Chinese), hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients
EBV
40
Infective form: Dane particle Necrotic hepatocytes (Councilmam bodies) Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma Associate with autoimmune vasculitides (polyarthritis nodosa)
Hepatitis B
41
No chronic carrier state No cirrhosis No hepatocellular carcinoma High mortality in pregnant woman
Hepatitis E
42
Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Norwalk virus (Norovirus)
43
Most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
44
Capable of undergoing antigenic shifts and drifts Clinical presentation: fever, myalgias, headache, pharyngitis, and cough Complications: staphylococcal pneumonia, Reye's syndrome
Influenza virus
45
HP: Warthin-Finkeldey bodies Pathognomonic Koplik spots (brightn red lesions with a white, central dot on buccal mucosa Maculopapular rash Complications: encephalitis, pneumonia, subacute sclerosing, panencephalitis
Measles virus
46
Tender swelling of the parotid glands (parotitis) Increase in pain when drinking citrus fruits Complications: orchitis, meningitis
Mumps virus
47
Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants Severe disease in infants due to immunologic cross reaction with maternal antibodies DOC: Ribovirin
Respiratory syncitial virus
48
Most prevalent blood-borne pathogen Autoimmune reactions (thyroiditis, autoantibodies, MPGN, PCT, DM Main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia Tx: Ribovirin
Hepatitis C
49
Posterior auricular LAD Immune-complex polyarthritis in adults
German measles (rubella)
50
PDA, congenital cataracts, sensorineural deafness, mental retardation
Congenital rubella syndrome
51
Vector: aedes aegypti Influenza like syndrome with maculopapular rash and severe pains in muscles and joints (breakbone fever) Hemorrhagic shock due to cross-reacting antibody during 2nd dengue infection
Dengue virus
52
Animal reservoir: horseshoe bat Atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS Virus binds to ACE-2 receptor Chest x-ray: non cavitary "ground glass" infiltrates
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (Coronavirus)
53
HP: Negri bodies Confusion, lethargy, hypersalivation, laryngospasm leads to hydrophobia Invariably fatal when encephalitis develops
Rabies virus
54
Characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough and hoarseness
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) Parainfluenza virus 1 & 2
55
Steeple X-ray sign Stenosis on subglottic swelling
Parainfluenza 1 & 2
56
Infectious proteins route agents Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) Kuru - kuria/guria = to shake Variant CJD (vCJD) Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS syndrome) Fetal familial insomnia Sporadic fatal insomnia
Prions
57
Characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough and hoarseness
Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) Parainfluenza virus 1 & 2
58
Steeple X-ray sign Stenosis on subglottic swelling
Parainfluenza 1 & 2
59
Infectious proteins route agents Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) Kuru - kuria/guria = to shake Variant CJD (vCJD) Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS syndrome) Fetal familial insomnia Sporadic fatal insomnia
Prions
60
Hypopigmented areas Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Malassezia Furfur
61
Associated occupation: gardener
Sporothrix Schenckii
62
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis
Coccidioides immitis
63
Closely mimics TB Chronic pneumonia Erythema nodosum Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
64
``` Dimorphic yeast Chronic pneumonia Ulcerated granulomas Lytic bone lesions Prostatis ```
Blastomyces dermatidis
65
``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onchomycosis Esophagitis ```
Candida albicans
66
Primary infection: asymptomatic pneumonia Meningitis Encephalitis India ink Thick gelatinous lesion Soap-bubble lesion in the meninges or Virchow-Robin spaces
Cryptococcus neoformans
67
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) lung cavities Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Aspergillus fumigatus
68
Mild disease: fever, muscle pain, periorbital edema, eosinophilia and hemorrhagic phenomena (subconjunctival, splinter) Severe disease: myocarditis, encephalitis, pneumonia, respiratory myositis
Trichinella spiralis
69
Hypopigmented areas Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Malassezia Furfur
70
Associated occupation: gardener
Sporothrix Schenckii
71
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis
Coccidioides immitis
72
Closely mimics TB Chronic pneumonia Erythema nodosum Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
73
``` Dimorphic yeast Chronic pneumonia Ulcerated granulomas Lytic bone lesions Prostatis ```
Blastomyces dermatidis
74
``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onchomycosis Esophagitis ```
Candida albicans
75
Primary infection: asymptomatic pneumonia Meningitis Encephalitis India ink Thick gelatinous lesion Soap-bubble lesion in the meninges or Virchow-Robin spaces
Cryptococcus neoformans
76
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) lung cavities Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Aspergillus fumigatus
77
Hypopigmented areas Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Malassezia Furfur
78
Associated occupation: gardener
Sporothrix Schenckii
79
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis
Coccidioides immitis
80
Closely mimics TB Chronic pneumonia Erythema nodosum Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
81
``` Dimorphic yeast Chronic pneumonia Ulcerated granulomas Lytic bone lesions Prostatis ```
Blastomyces dermatidis
82
``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onchomycosis Esophagitis ```
Candida albicans
83
Primary infection: asymptomatic pneumonia Meningitis Encephalitis India ink Thick gelatinous lesion Soap-bubble lesion in the meninges or Virchow-Robin spaces
Cryptococcus neoformans
84
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) lung cavities Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Aspergillus fumigatus
85
Hypopigmented areas Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Malassezia Furfur
86
Associated occupation: gardener
Sporothrix Schenckii
87
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis
Coccidioides immitis
88
Closely mimics TB Chronic pneumonia Erythema nodosum Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
89
``` Dimorphic yeast Chronic pneumonia Ulcerated granulomas Lytic bone lesions Prostatis ```
Blastomyces dermatidis
90
``` Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharge) Intertrigo Skin infections (satellite lesions) Onchomycosis Esophagitis ```
Candida albicans
91
Primary infection: asymptomatic pneumonia Meningitis Encephalitis India ink Thick gelatinous lesion Soap-bubble lesion in the meninges or Virchow-Robin spaces
Cryptococcus neoformans
92
Aspergilloma (fungus ball) lung cavities Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
Aspergillus fumigatus

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