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Interview Prep > Puffinus puffinus > Flashcards

Puffinus puffinus Flashcards

1
Q

central place foraging theory

A

animals will only increase their distance to prey patches for better foraging opportunities

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2
Q

Ashmole’s halo

A

zone of depletion

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3
Q

foraging distance affected by

A
  • prey availability
  • intra-specific competition
  • colony size
  • breeding stage
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4
Q

what will climate change affect in seabird populations?

A
  • energy expenditure
  • trophic modifications
  • seafloor aspect
  • sea surface temperature
  • depth
  • salinity
  • maximum current speed
  • partner blaming hypothesis and divorce rates
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5
Q

how does urbanisation affect seabird populations?

A

light pollution affects nocturnal locomotion; causes fallout

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6
Q

describe mortality events in seabird populations

A
  • low juvenile survival rates due to independent migration; high dispersal
  • long breeding deferral period
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7
Q

migration adaptations

A
  • light
  • magnetoreception
  • inherent migratory memory
  • celestial cues
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8
Q

what affects migration?

A
  • cloud cover
  • wind speed
  • wind direction
  • moon illuminance
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9
Q

describe seabird populations

A
  • initally viscous, then highly dispersed
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10
Q

fledgling birds are

A

unlikely to be captured again

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11
Q

why is migration not in a straight line

A
  • exploration
  • alternative foraging grounds
  • learning phase
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12
Q

describe seabird parenting

A
  • obligate biparental carers (selection of extreme)
  • co-operative
  • active co-ordination of nest attendance to avoid protracted incubation shift
  • communication of individual quality
  • dual foraging strategy (interspersed with synchronous visits)
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13
Q

what does co-operative parenting allow

A
  • maximise benefit (fitness returns)

- minimise cost

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14
Q

what controls mate selection in seabirds?

A
  • sexual selection (via the Fischerian runaway model)
  • Westermarck effect?
  • similar foraging trip duration
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15
Q

what might you need to take into account in seabird experiments:

A
  • egg failure
  • grounding events
  • sex differences
  • temporal differences
  • anthropogenic interference
  • is the measure relative?
  • is the measure accurate? can it be explained by coparental compensation
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16
Q

incubation tactic of seabirds

A
  • no negotiation

- sit and wait

17
Q

struggles seabirds face

A
  • habitat loyalty

- inability to adapt foraging behaviour dynamically

18
Q

foraging

A

gains

19
Q

long-lived species are selected to

A
  • prioritise their own condition

- iteroparenty: partition between self-maintenance and reproduction

20
Q

seabird adaptations

A

eggs resistant to chilling

21
Q

iteroparous parents

A
  • current breeding attempt vs future reproductive success generates conflict via parental investment theory
22
Q

behavioural adaptations of seabirds

A
  • begging behaviour; honest signalling

- brood guarding

23
Q

deleterious effects of biologging

A
  • increased mass (movement cost)
  • increased drag (air disruption)
  • modified centre of mass
  • stress induction
  • increased wastage over tag preening
24
Q

movement costs are relative to

A

intrinsic energy ceiling

25
Q

foraging time depends on

A
  • flight behaviour

- rest behaviour

26
Q

nest attendance

A

nest relief

27
Q

allopreening

A
  • used to co-ordinate nest relief
28
Q

when considering investigations of pathology, consider

A
  • delayed symptom presentation (asymptomatism)
  • colour changes
  • contamination
  • cryptic associations
  • can sufficient genomic DNA be liberated?
29
Q

Koch’s postulates

A
  • The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
  • The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
  • The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
  • The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
30
Q

Diversity within protist clades

A
  • DNA polymerase errors
  • strain variation
  • intranuclear variation
31
Q

What do mutations allow us to do?

A
  • ascertain biogeographical structure and distribution

- insights into host/microbe coevolution

32
Q

pathogen pollution

A

unintentional spread of pathogens through translocation of captive-bred organisms for trade, food and commerce

33
Q

What does PCR allow?

A

stepwise discrimination

34
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A
  • mitochondria appear to be phylogenetically related to Rickettsiales proteobacteria
  • chloroplasts: nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria
  • new mitochondria and plastids are formed only through binary fission
  • single circular DNA

Interview Prep (11 decks)

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