Public Schools (19th Century)

Question 1

Values gained by attending public school

Answer 1

Leadership
Endeavour
Fair play
Integrity
Teamwork
Sportsmanship
Muscular Christianity

Question 2

Explain how games evolved and developed through technical development, social relationships and values

Answer 2

1. Technical development - rule structure, equipment, facilities, spectatorism and level of skilfulness
2. Social relationships - relationships between people changed with improvements in communication and transport, level of bulling changed, headmasters attitudes and interaction with the boys
3. Values - the value of sport and fame changed as the century progressed, value of benefits of games, ethics and moral of sport, teamwork manliness loyalty honour and respect all grew

Question 3

Changes in stage 1 to stage 3

Answer 3

Increase in social control
Decrease in cruel and violent games
Increase in facilities and technology
Increase in sport participation
Increase in rules
Decrease in bullying (increase in law and order)
Decrease in use of cane/strict punishment
Increase in sporting prowess
Increase in responsibility for sixth formers
Increase in Christian values

Question 4

Example of a muscular Christian

Answer 4

Jonathan Edwards

Refused to compete on a Sunday, prevented him being the pinocle of his sport

Question 5

ATHLETICISM acronym

Answer 5

Arnold/All round/Authority
Time (free)/Traditional role of women/Team games
House system/Health/Harrow
Leadership
Endeavour/Eton
Technical development
Integrity/Iron rod
Cohesion/Competition/Cult/Cruel
Instrument of education
Sixth form/Sportsmanship
Muscular Christianity/Melting pot

Question 6

Stage one

Answer 6

Mob activities
Melting pot
Hooligans
Recreation

Question 7

Stage two

Answer 7

Dr Arnold 
Social control
Inter-house
Muscular Christianity 
Character development
Values
Melting pot

Question 8

Stage three

Answer 8

Muscular Christianity
Bales
Professional coaches
Melting pot

Question 9

What is the Clarendon Commission -1864

Answer 9

Commissioned by queen Victoria
Included 9 public schools
Examined on all aspects of public school life
Recommended improvements
Highlighted problems
Attempted to enrich day to day academic and residential life for pupils
Headmasters wanted their schools to be more refined and cultured and less primitive and wild
Early indications of Ofsted
Checked money from trustees (now governors) was going in right places as money was going missing and not spent on the pupils

Question 10

Impact of C19 public schools on sport

Answer 10

Codification
Attitude towards sport changed
Amateur/professionalism
House system
Vast grounds
Boys organised themselves (house captains)
Enough money to build specialist facilities
Employed professional coaches and academic staff to hell with game activities
Lots of fee time as most were boarding

Question 11

Characteristics of public schools

Answer 11

B-oarding schools -more time to play sport
E-xpanding -as numbers increased houses formed
N-on local -regional games adopted
E-ndowed -large gifts of money for facilities/coaches
F-ee paying -can develop faculties, influential pupil
I-nfluence -gentry and trustees keep to invest
T-eams -boys had great energy and enthusiasm
S-partan -harsh treatment and living conditions