Public Heath Science - FA

Question 1

What kind of bias is early detection confused with increased survival?

Answer 1

Lead-time bias

Question 2

Failure mode and effect analysis uses what to ID something might fail?

What kind of approach?

Answer 2

Inductive reasoning

Forward-looking

Question 3

What does the swiss cheese model douse on?

How is error mitigated?

Answer 3

Systems and conditions

Differing layers and types of defenses - careful when the holes line up

Question 6

Part D medicare is for what?

Answer 6

Prescription Drugs

Question 9

What is the #1 cause of death ages 1-44?

45-64?

65+?

Answer 9

Unintentional injury

Cancer

Heart disease

Question 10

Pulmonary disease more common in coal workers than general population, by these people also smoke more displays what kind of bias?

Answer 10

Confounding bias

Question 11

Variance = ?

Answer 11

(SD) squared

Question 13

Give example of secondary disease prevention:

Answer 13

Pap smear for cervical cancer (manage existing but asymptomatic disease)

Question 16

NNH = ?

Answer 16

1 / AR

Question 17

Root cause analysis uses what to ID problems that lead to error?

What kind of approach?

Answer 17

Records and Participant interviews

Retrospective

Question 19

What is it called when physicians receive a set amount per patient assigned?

Answer 19

Capitation

Question 20

What kind of bias is common in retrospective studies and there is an awareness of disorder which alters recall by subjects?

Answer 20

Recall bias

Question 21

Increased precision leads to what 2 consequences?

Answer 21

Dec standard deviation

Increased statistical power (1-Beta)

Question 22

Can Point of service insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

Answer 22

Yes

Yes

Question 24

Part A medicare is for what?

Answer 24

HospitAl insurance, hospice

Question 26

LR+ equation?

Answer 26

Sensitivity / (1 - specificity)

Question 28

Can PPO insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

Answer 28

YES

NO

Question 29

NNT =?

Answer 29

1/ ARR

Question 30

Give the order of highest priority to lowest in surrogate decision making:

Answer 30

Spouse –> adult Children –> Parents –> Siblings

Question 31

Can exclusive provider organization insurance plans see providers out of network?

Referral required for specialist?

Answer 31

No - limited

NO

Question 34

What is plotted on a fishbone diagram?

Answer 34

Root cause analysis

Question 35

Part C medicare is for what?

Answer 35

Combo A and B delivered by approved private companies

Question 36

Prioritizing positive effects over negative effects is known as what?

Commonly seen when?

Answer 36

Principle of double effect

Hospice care

Question 37

What situations is parental consent not usually required?

Answer 37

Sex - BCP, STI, pregnancy
Drugs - substance abuse
Rock and Roll - emergency, trauma

Question 38

Part B medicare is for what?

Answer 38

Basic medical Bills - dr.’s fee, dx testing/labs

Question 40

What refers to the trueness of test measures?

Answer 40

Accuracy (validity)

Question 42

Give example of quaternary disease prevention:

Answer 42

Protecting pts from unnecessary tx, sharing pt records

Question 43

Medicare is available to whom?

Answer 43

> 65
< 65 w/certain disability
ESRD pts

Question 44

OR used in what studies?

Equation?

Answer 44

Case-control

A x D) / (B x C

Question 46

What kind of bias are the subjects in different groups not treated the same?

Answer 46

Procedure bias

Question 47

What kind of bias does the researcher’s belief in the efficacy of a treatment change the outcome of that treatment?

Aka what?

Answer 47

Observer-expectancy bias

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 51

Give example of tertiary disease prevention:

Answer 51

Chemotherapy - tx to reduce complications

Question 54

What refers to the consistency and reproducibility of a test?

Answer 54

Precision (reliability)

Question 55

Describe the sleep changes in the elderly

Answer 55

Dec R.E.M. And slow wave sleep
Inc sleep onset latency
Inc early awakenings

Question 56

Give example of primary disease prevention:

Answer 56

HPV vaccine

Question 57

LR- equation?

Answer 57

(1-sensitivity) / specificity

Question 58

No random sampling or treatment allocation is what bias?

Most commonly a what?

Answer 58

Selection

Sampling bias

Question 68

RR used in what studies?

Equation?

Answer 68

A/(A + B) / C/(C+D)