Public Heath Science - FA Flashcards
What kind of bias is early detection confused with increased survival?
Lead-time bias
Failure mode and effect analysis uses what to ID something might fail?
What kind of approach?
Inductive reasoning
Forward-looking
What does the swiss cheese model douse on?
How is error mitigated?
Systems and conditions
Differing layers and types of defenses - careful when the holes line up
Part D medicare is for what?
Prescription Drugs
What is the #1 cause of death ages 1-44?
45-64?
65+?
Unintentional injury
Cancer
Heart disease
Pulmonary disease more common in coal workers than general population, by these people also smoke more displays what kind of bias?
Confounding bias
Variance = ?
(SD) squared
Give example of secondary disease prevention:
Pap smear for cervical cancer (manage existing but asymptomatic disease)
NNH = ?
1 / AR
Root cause analysis uses what to ID problems that lead to error?
What kind of approach?
Records and Participant interviews
Retrospective
What is it called when physicians receive a set amount per patient assigned?
Capitation
What kind of bias is common in retrospective studies and there is an awareness of disorder which alters recall by subjects?
Recall bias
Increased precision leads to what 2 consequences?
Dec standard deviation
Increased statistical power (1-Beta)
Can Point of service insurance plans see providers out of network?
Referral required for specialist?
Yes
Yes
Part A medicare is for what?
HospitAl insurance, hospice
LR+ equation?
Sensitivity / (1 - specificity)
Can PPO insurance plans see providers out of network?
Referral required for specialist?
YES
NO
NNT =?
1/ ARR
Give the order of highest priority to lowest in surrogate decision making:
Spouse –> adult Children –> Parents –> Siblings
Can exclusive provider organization insurance plans see providers out of network?
Referral required for specialist?
No - limited
NO
What is plotted on a fishbone diagram?
Root cause analysis
Part C medicare is for what?
Combo A and B delivered by approved private companies
Prioritizing positive effects over negative effects is known as what?
Commonly seen when?
Principle of double effect
Hospice care
What situations is parental consent not usually required?
Sex - BCP, STI, pregnancy
Drugs - substance abuse
Rock and Roll - emergency, trauma
Part B medicare is for what?
Basic medical Bills - dr.’s fee, dx testing/labs
What refers to the trueness of test measures?
Accuracy (validity)
Give example of quaternary disease prevention:
Protecting pts from unnecessary tx, sharing pt records
Medicare is available to whom?
> 65
< 65 w/certain disability
ESRD pts
OR used in what studies?
Equation?
Case-control
A x D) / (B x C
What kind of bias are the subjects in different groups not treated the same?
Procedure bias
What kind of bias does the researcher’s belief in the efficacy of a treatment change the outcome of that treatment?
Aka what?
Observer-expectancy bias
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Give example of tertiary disease prevention:
Chemotherapy - tx to reduce complications
What refers to the consistency and reproducibility of a test?
Precision (reliability)
Describe the sleep changes in the elderly
Dec R.E.M. And slow wave sleep
Inc sleep onset latency
Inc early awakenings
Give example of primary disease prevention:
HPV vaccine
LR- equation?
(1-sensitivity) / specificity
No random sampling or treatment allocation is what bias?
Most commonly a what?
Selection
Sampling bias
RR used in what studies?
Equation?
A/(A + B) / C/(C+D)
