public health, global health and disease control

Question 1

epidemiology

Answer 1

study of distribution and determinants of health related states or events in specified populations and the application of study to the control of health problems

Question 2

determinant

Answer 2

any factor or characteristics that brings about a change in a health condition

Question 3

communicable disease

Answer 3

an illness caused by an infectious agent and is transmissible

Question 4

non communicable disease

Answer 4

an illness that isn’t caused by an infectious agent involving a long course in the development of symptoms with a progressively deteriorating path

Question 5

what is a disease outbreak

Answer 5

occurrence of disease cases in excess to normal expectancy

Question 6

communincable disease factors

Answer 6

water supply, sanitation facilities, food and climate

Question 7

vector borne disease

Answer 7

transmitted by a vector bite

Question 8

contact transmission

Answer 8

direct contact: physical contact, kissing, intercourse
indirect contact: sharing IDU equipment
droplet transmission: sneezing
airborne transmission: inspiration of airborne particles

Question 9

vehicle transmission

Answer 9

airborne; dust
waterborne; river and drinking supply
food borne; poultry, seafood and meat

Question 10

vector transmission

Answer 10

mechanical; flies, cockroach

biological; ice, mites and mosquitos

Question 11

what does R naught tell you?

Answer 11

how contagious an ID is. As an infection spreads to new people it reproduces itself
avg number of people to catch a disease from one contagious person
applies to population of people previously free of infection and haven’t been vaccinated

Question 12

what does r0 mean?

Answer 12

less than 1= the disease will decline and eventually decline
equal to 1= disease will stay alive and stable, but there won’t be an outbreak or epidemic
more than 1= may be an outbreak or epidemic

Question 13

public health intervention to prevent and control CD

Answer 13

remove the agent, control of reservoir, physically prevent transmission from reservoir, isolate host, prevent infection in new host, contact tracing

Question 14

surveillance

Answer 14

monitor disease trends, detect outbreaks,
important for alerting the world to global health threats.
helps to determine priorities and expenditure on health
helps to evaluate existing health programs and response to outbreak

Question 15

prevent and control NCD

Answer 15

prevention, early detection and treatment, integrated & coordinated care and self management

Question 16

sporadic disease

Answer 16

occurs occasionally and at irregular intervals

Question 17

endemic disease

Answer 17

maintains at relatively steady low level frequency at moderately regular interval

Question 18

epidemic

Answer 18

sudden increase in frequency above expected number

Question 19

pandemic

Answer 19

increase in disease occurrence within large population over wide regions

Question 20

health definition

Answer 20

complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 21

public health definition

Answer 21

discipline that addresses health at the population level

Question 22

clinical care

Answer 22

prevention, treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical wellbeing through the services offered by medical sandalled health professions

Question 23

public health in Australia

Answer 23

child health, mental health, obesity, oral health, women’s health, health promotion

Question 24

nurses in public health

Answer 24

immunisation,
infection control
health promotion 
screening
disease surveillance

Question 25

prevention through policy

Answer 25

books of leviticus
laws banning smoking in public places
food labelling and promotion of physical activity

Question 26

3 core functions of public health

Answer 26

assessment: systemically collect, analyse, and make available information on healthy communities
policy: promote use of scientific knowledge based in policy and decision making
assurance: ensure provision of services to those in need

Question 27

what does epidemiology contribute to public health

Answer 27

provides data to make public health judgement and describe health status of populations

Question 28

epidemiological study design

Answer 28

controlled trial test treatment and compare to normal group
cohort study, studies 2 groups actions normal and non normal
case control study 2 diff groups family history make conclusion
cross sectional study risk factor disease present risk factor no disease no risk factor disease present

Question 29

morality

Answer 29

deaths per a population

=deaths/ population

Question 30

infant morality rate

Answer 30

no of deaths under 1 year of age in 1986 divide by total no of live births in 1986 x 1000

Question 31

global health

Answer 31

understanding of heath care in an international and interdisciplinary context
-study, research and practice of medicine with a focus on improving health and health care quit for populations worldwide

Question 32

global health

Answer 32

any issue that concerns many countries or is affected by transnational determinants

Question 33

factors that impact on global health

Answer 33

nutrition, genetics, medical care, environment and lifestyle

Question 34

globalisation

Answer 34

movement across national boundaries or people, ideas, money, goods and services which usually results in the world becoming politically, economically and culturally interconnected and interdependent

Question 35

globalisation

Answer 35

technology

positve: increased communication, technology, information sharing and social media

Question 36

trade

Answer 36

positive: increased access to health enhancing goods
negative
increased access to health damaging food
health damaging trade agreements/ policies decided by the powerful with profit as the priority
exploitation/child and slave labour

Question 37

culture/ideas

Answer 37

positive: social integration
negative: loss of traditional support networks and traditional diet

Question 38

increased mobility

Answer 38

positive: people movement
negative: diseases terrorism, brain drain,