module 6

Question 1

aims of population screening

Answer 1

• identify: pre disease abnormality, early disease, disease risk markers
• reduce the burden of the disease
• early intervention
• improving disease outcome

Question 2

screening criteria

Answer 2

• systemic invitation for participants
• follow up for individuals
• appropriate infrastructure
• resources
• regular monitoring
• evaluation

Question 3

benefits and harm of screening

Answer 3

decrease burden of disease, mortality rate, morbidity, improved outcomes

false positive, false negative, over diagnoses, other physical and psychological harm

Question 4

possible outcomes from screening test

Answer 4

high sensitivity and high specificity (TP & TN)
high sensitivity and low specificity (FP)
low sensitivity and high specificity (FN)
low sensitivity and low specificity (FP & FN)

Question 5

calculate sensitivity and specificity

Answer 5

%= true poise/ all with disease x 100
45/50 x 💯= 90%
interpretation : 90% of children with the hearing problem tested positive

Question 6

screening vs diagnostic

Answer 6

detect early stages of a disease vs confirmation / exclusion of disease

Question 7

health literacy

Answer 7

the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health

Question 8

factors that influence health literacy

Answer 8

disproportionately affects certain groups (elderly, non english speakers, low literacy level)
context specific and can change (where interaction is, what problem, unfamiliar words, being ill, physical and psychological stressors)

Question 9

consequence of low levels of health literacy

Answer 9

poor overall health status
higher rates of hospitalisation and death
higher rates of hospital readmission
decreased capacity to manage chronic illness
less ability to recall info
make errors with medication
more ill
less knowledge of their illness management
preventative services less frequently
not keep appointment

Question 10

3 levels of health literacy

Answer 10

functional health literacy
interactive health literacy
critical health literacy

Question 11

how can health literacy be improved

Answer 11

strategies to improve communication 
confirm understanding 
educative strategies 
person centred approach, decision aids, shared decision making 
effective communication

Question 12

SHARE approach

Answer 12

S eek your patient’s participation
H elp your patient explore and compare treatment options
A ssess your patients values and preferences
R each a decision with your patient
E valuate your patient’s decision