Puberty, Menopause and Menstrual dysfunction Flashcards
Define amenorrhea (primary)
Not having started a period either:
At 14 with NO sexual secondary characteristics
At 16 with sexual characteristics
What is the average blood loss during a period?
35-45ml
Define menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding (>80ml)
Prolonged >7 days
Define secondary amenorrhea
No menses for:
6 months if periods were irregular before
3 months if periods were regular before
Define DUB
Abnormal bleeding, no obvious cause and usually anovulatory
Define oligomenorrhea
Uterine bleeding occurring at intervals between 35 days and 6 months
Define dysmenorrhea
Painful periods
What is pre menstrual syndrome?
Recurrent symptoms occurring in last half of menstrual cycle
What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
Pregnancy
What are the origins of amenorrhea?
Ovarian
Outflow tract
Hypothalmic/pituitary
What are common outflow tract abnormalities causing amenorrhea?
Vaginal atresia
Müllerian duct agenesis (no uterus)
Define cryptomenorrhoea
Hidden periods
What is Ashermans syndrome?
This is fibrosis or adhesions in the endometrium
What is Kallman syndrome?
Failure to start or fully complete puberty
What is Sheehan syndrome?
This is loss of function of pituitary gland due to ischaemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolamic shock after childbirth
Define DUB
Excessive,prolonged periods which are not due to systemic disease, pelvic disease or pregnancy
Define adrenarche
Pubic and axillary hair development
Due to androgens
Define thelarche
Female breast development
Define menarche
Initiation of periods
What are the events that occur with puberty in the female?
Menarche Telarche Pubarche Adrenarche Growth spurt
What age does puberty start in girls?
8-13
What age does puberty start in boys?
9-14
What events occur in male puberty?
Spermatogenesis
Errection and ejaculation
Adrenarche and pubarche
Growth spurt
Which sex undergoes the growth spurt first and why?
Females due to oestrogen
