Puberty, Menopause and Menstrual dysfunction

Question 0

Define amenorrhea (primary)

Answer 0

Not having started a period either:
At 14 with NO sexual secondary characteristics
At 16 with sexual characteristics

Question 1

What is the average blood loss during a period?

Answer 1

35-45ml

Question 2

Define menorrhagia

Answer 2

Excessive uterine bleeding (>80ml)

Prolonged >7 days

Question 3

Define secondary amenorrhea

Answer 3

No menses for:
6 months if periods were irregular before
3 months if periods were regular before

Question 4

Define DUB

Answer 4

Abnormal bleeding, no obvious cause and usually anovulatory

Question 5

Define oligomenorrhea

Answer 5

Uterine bleeding occurring at intervals between 35 days and 6 months

Question 6

Define dysmenorrhea

Answer 6

Painful periods

Question 7

What is pre menstrual syndrome?

Answer 7

Recurrent symptoms occurring in last half of menstrual cycle

Question 8

What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?

Answer 8

Pregnancy

Question 9

What are the origins of amenorrhea?

Answer 9

Ovarian
Outflow tract
Hypothalmic/pituitary

Question 10

What are common outflow tract abnormalities causing amenorrhea?

Answer 10

Vaginal atresia

Müllerian duct agenesis (no uterus)

Question 11

Define cryptomenorrhoea

Answer 11

Hidden periods

Question 12

What is Ashermans syndrome?

Answer 12

This is fibrosis or adhesions in the endometrium

Question 13

What is Kallman syndrome?

Answer 13

Failure to start or fully complete puberty

Question 14

What is Sheehan syndrome?

Answer 14

This is loss of function of pituitary gland due to ischaemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolamic shock after childbirth

Question 15

Define DUB

Answer 15

Excessive,prolonged periods which are not due to systemic disease, pelvic disease or pregnancy

Question 16

Define adrenarche

Answer 16

Pubic and axillary hair development

Due to androgens

Question 17

Define thelarche

Answer 17

Female breast development

Question 18

Define menarche

Answer 18

Initiation of periods

Question 19

What are the events that occur with puberty in the female?

Answer 19

Menarche
Telarche
Pubarche
Adrenarche
Growth spurt

Question 20

What age does puberty start in girls?

Answer 20

8-13

Question 21

What age does puberty start in boys?

Answer 21

9-14

Question 22

What events occur in male puberty?

Answer 22

Spermatogenesis
Errection and ejaculation
Adrenarche and pubarche
Growth spurt

Question 23

Which sex undergoes the growth spurt first and why?

Answer 23

Females due to oestrogen

Question 24

What initiates puberty?

Answer 24

GnRH pulsatile release

Question 25

Why do girls growth spurts stop before boys?

Answer 25

Fusing of epiphyseal growth plates by oestrogen

Question 26

What growth problem can occur with hyperthyroidism?

Answer 26

Delayed growth

Question 27

When do FSH and LH start to be secreted in the female?

Answer 27

7 years

Question 28

What is precocious puberty?

Answer 28

Initiation of puberty before the age of 8

Question 29

What does pubic and axillary hair development depend upon?

Answer 29

androgens

Question 30

What can lead to premature puberty?

Answer 30

Meningitis due to inflammation
Hypothalmic or pituitary tumour
Pinneal gland tumour

Question 31

What weight do girls start puberty?

Answer 31

47kg

Question 32

What weight do boys start puberty?

Answer 32

55kg

Question 33

Name some symptoms of the menopause

Answer 33

Vasodilation
Mood changes
Bladder changes
Regression of breast
Regression of endometrium 
Bone changes
CVS changes 
Changes in skin and hair 
Vaginal rugae lost

Question 34

What is given to post menopausal women?

Answer 34

Oestrogen treatment

Question 35

What age does the menopause usually occur at?

Answer 35

51

Question 36

What doesn’t oestrogen help?

Answer 36

CVS changes