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Reproduction > Coitus and conception > Flashcards

Coitus and conception Flashcards

0
Q

How long does sperm production take?

A

74 days
50 in seminiferous
12-26 in the epididymis

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1
Q

Define reproduction

A

The formation of a unique individual from gametes

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2
Q

What is the normal volume of ejaculate?

A

2-4ml

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3
Q

What is considered a normal sperm count?

A

between 20-200x10^6

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4
Q

What is the normal amount of abnormal sperm?

A

<30%

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5
Q

What are the phases of coitus

A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

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6
Q

What happens to a woman during sex?

A 
blood engorgement
mucous secretions 
increased hr and rr and bp
muscle contraction 
flushed face
vaginal expansion
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7
Q

What mucous does oestrogen encourage?

A

Thin, clear, alkaline

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8
Q

What mucous does progesterone encourage?

A

Thick, acidic, cloudy

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9
Q

What branch of the ANS causes an errection?

A

Parasympathetic via the pelvic nerve

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10
Q

Explain what happens to cause an errection

A

Increased calcium - NOS - NO - vasodilaltor
cGMP - ca into cellular stores - actin and myosin cross link inhibition
Central arteries in corpus cavernosum engorge with blood and the ischiocavernosum and the bulbospongiosum compress veins

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11
Q

What are the common causes of erectile dysfunction?

A 
Vasomotor 
DM and hypertension
Drugs and alcohol 
Psychological 
Tear in corpus cavernosum
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12
Q

What does viagra do?

A

Inhibits the breakdown of the cGMP, maintaining errection

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13
Q

What is emission?

A

The movement of ejaculate into the prostatic urethra before an errection occurs
why coitus interruptus doesnt work

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14
Q

How does ejaculation occur?

A

Sympathetic
Pudendal nerve
Contraction of glands, internal urethral spinchter, errectile tissue

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15
Q

What is a dry ejaculation?

A

When the internal spinchter doesnt contract and it goes into the bladder and no ejaculation at end of penis

16
Q

What happens to sperm after it enters the female?

A

Coagulates to prevent leakage
Then proteolytic enzymes break it down
Capacitation
Acrosome reaction

17
Q

What is capacitation

A

Removal of glycoprotein coat

Changes from beat movement to whip movement

18
Q

Explain the acrosome reaction

A 
Removal of acrosome
enzymes act on zona pellucida
sperm fuses, contents enter via exocytosis 
fusion and further binding 
formation of a zygote
19
Q

How is polyspermy blocked?

A

ZP hardens and produces factors that will prevent it

20
Q

How long is the egg viable for?

A

approx 36 hours

only alive for 24 but the sperm is able to survive for longer which enhances the fertile period

21
Q

When is the best time for coitus in order to impregnate a woman?

A

1 day before ovulation

Reproduction (14 decks)

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