Puberty and nutrition

Question 1

how do you accurately take a chills height

Answer 1

shoes off and measure on expiration

Question 2

what is a birth centile

Answer 2

child’s height compared to children of their sex and age

Question 3

what centiles indicate normal and extremes (obesity)

Answer 3

normal between 25th and 75th centile, overweight = 91st, obese = 98th

Question 4

what can cause children to grow quicker

Answer 4

obesity

Question 5

what is a red-flag for growth

Answer 5

if a child crosses 2 centiles

Question 6

what does a small height usually mean

Answer 6

short stature - not harmful

Question 7

what investigations can be done for small height for age

Answer 7

bone age, IGF1, MRI

Question 8

in puberty, what is the difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics

Answer 8

primary = change to organs themselves/ secondary = visible changes

Question 9

what ages are considered early puberty

Answer 9

8 in girls and 9 in boys

Question 10

what ages are considered delayed puberty

Answer 10

13 in girls and 14 in boys

Question 11

what is the first sign of puberty in girls and what is this called

Answer 11

breast enlargement (thelarche)

Question 12

what is the first sign of puberty in boys

Answer 12

enlarged penis and testes

Question 13

what is adrenarche

Answer 13

growth of pubic/ axillary hair

Question 14

what signs happen during puberty in girls

Answer 14

breast budding, growth of pubic/ axillary hair and body odour

Question 15

what signs happen during puberty in boys

Answer 15

penis and testes enlarge, deepening voice, pubic/ axillary hair and body odour

Question 16

what signifies post puberty in girls (all of)

Answer 16

periods (menarche) and pubertal development

Question 17

what signifies post puberty in boys (any of)

Answer 17

broken hair, facial hair, adult sized penis

Question 18

when is puberty usually complete in girls and boys

Answer 18

16 girls, 17 boys

Question 19

how do you assess developmental age in a child

Answer 19

STEP: sexual maturation and growth, Thinking, Education and employment, Peers and parents

Question 20

how do you take an adolescent mental health history

Answer 20

HEADASS: home, education, eating, activities, drugs, sex, suicide, safety

Question 21

what foods are rich in vitamin A

Answer 21

cheese, egg, yogurt

Question 22

what foods are rich in vitamin C

Answer 22

oranges, blackcurrants, potatoes

Question 23

what foods are rich in vitamin D

Answer 23

sun, oily fish, eggs

Question 24

when would a baby be recommended to take supplements

Answer 24

6 months and taking less than 500ml a day

Question 25

what vitamin is given to premature babies with an immature liver

Answer 25

Vit K

Question 26

when do you stop excessively breast feeding a baby

Answer 26

6 months

Question 27

what benefits come from breast feeding > bottle feeding

Answer 27

IgA and bonding

Question 28

what is proper breastfeeding technique

Answer 28

baby chin on breast and nipple on sift palate

Question 29

what are common maternal problems with breastfeeding

Answer 29

engorgement, mastitis, cracked/ bleeding nipples

Question 30

what is formula made of

Answer 30

modified cows milk with added whey/ casein

Question 31

when can full fat cows milk be introduced to a child

Answer 31

12 months

Question 32

when can semi-skinned cows milk be introduced to a child

Answer 32

2 years

Question 33

when can skimmed cows milk be introduced to a child

Answer 33

5 years