Global Health and immunisation

Question 1

what are the top 5 causes of paediatric mortality in the world

Answer 1

preterm complications, pneumonia, intrapartum complications, diarrhoea, neonatal sepsis

Question 2

what are the top 5 causes of paediatric mortality in Africa

Answer 2

diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, preterm, intrapartum

Question 3

what factors can cause pneumonia in a developing country

Answer 3

malnutrution, overcrowding and air pollution

Question 4

how can pneumonia be prevented in developing countries

Answer 4

vaccine and good hygiene

Question 5

how do you manage diarrhoea in developing countries

Answer 5

oral rehydration sachets and zinc

Question 6

what are symptoms of HIV in children

Answer 6

recurrent illness, failure to thrive, encephalopathy, maternal illness

Question 7

how do you diagnose HIV

Answer 7

PCR and rapid AB test

Question 8

what are symptoms of TB

Answer 8

chronic cough, fever > 2 weeks, night sweats, weight loss

Question 9

how do you investigate TB

Answer 9

acid fast bacilli, CXR, mantoux

Question 10

what vaccine prevents TB

Answer 10

BCG

Question 11

what antibiotics are given for TB

Answer 11

2 months RI, 4 months RI

Question 12

what are the symptoms of malaria

Answer 12

fever, pallor, malaise

Question 13

how do you diagnose malaria

Answer 13

blood film

Question 14

how do you treat malaria

Answer 14

malarial eg artesunate and prevention

Question 15

at what age is it a neonatal mortality

Answer 15

<1 months

Question 16

at what age is it an infant mortality

Answer 16

<1 yr

Question 17

at what age is it a child mortality

Answer 17

< 5 years

Question 18

how do you get active immunity

Answer 18

from natural infection or artificial immunisation

Question 19

how do you get passive immunity

Answer 19

transplacental transfer or artificial human antibody

Question 20

how do vaccines work

Answer 20

by inducing cell mediated immunity by administrating whole/ part of an organism

Question 21

what is herd immunity

Answer 21

indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation of a certain % of a population to slow/ prevent spread

Question 22

what is a live attenuated vaccine

Answer 22

weakened form of organism administered

Question 23

give some examples of live attenuated vaccines

Answer 23

measles, mumps, rubella, polio

Question 24

what is an inactivated vaccine

Answer 24

dead organism

Question 25

give some examples of inactivated vaccines

Answer 25

pertussis and typhoid

Question 26

what vaccines contain components of an organism

Answer 26

influenza, pneumococcal, diphtheria, tetanus

Question 27

what are the main contraindications of vaccines

Answer 27

acute illness, anaphylaxis, fever >39.5 in last 48 hours, immunocompromised

Question 28

what vaccines risk anaphylaxis

Answer 28

yellow fever and flu

Question 29

what vaccine is given to girls age13-14

Answer 29

HPV

Question 30

what are common travel vaccines

Answer 30

cholera, yellow fever, rabies, hepatitis, typhoid

Question 31

what is the elimination of a disease

Answer 31

incidence reduced to 0 in defined geographical areas from deliberate and ONGOING efforts

Question 32

give examples of eliminated diseases

Answer 32

neonatal tetanus

Question 33

what is the eradication of a disease

Answer 33

permanent incidence of 0 worldwide from deliberate efforts that are NO LONGER NEEDED

Question 34

give an example of an eradicated disease

Answer 34

smallpox

Question 35

what is the extinction of a disease

Answer 35

no longer exists in lab or nature - no examples