Global Health and immunisation Flashcards
what are the top 5 causes of paediatric mortality in the world
preterm complications, pneumonia, intrapartum complications, diarrhoea, neonatal sepsis
what are the top 5 causes of paediatric mortality in Africa
diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria, preterm, intrapartum
what factors can cause pneumonia in a developing country
malnutrution, overcrowding and air pollution
how can pneumonia be prevented in developing countries
vaccine and good hygiene
how do you manage diarrhoea in developing countries
oral rehydration sachets and zinc
what are symptoms of HIV in children
recurrent illness, failure to thrive, encephalopathy, maternal illness
how do you diagnose HIV
PCR and rapid AB test
what are symptoms of TB
chronic cough, fever > 2 weeks, night sweats, weight loss
how do you investigate TB
acid fast bacilli, CXR, mantoux
what vaccine prevents TB
BCG
what antibiotics are given for TB
2 months RI, 4 months RI
what are the symptoms of malaria
fever, pallor, malaise
how do you diagnose malaria
blood film
how do you treat malaria
malarial eg artesunate and prevention
at what age is it a neonatal mortality
<1 months
at what age is it an infant mortality
<1 yr
at what age is it a child mortality
< 5 years
how do you get active immunity
from natural infection or artificial immunisation
how do you get passive immunity
transplacental transfer or artificial human antibody
how do vaccines work
by inducing cell mediated immunity by administrating whole/ part of an organism
what is herd immunity
indirect protection of a population provided by immunisation of a certain % of a population to slow/ prevent spread
what is a live attenuated vaccine
weakened form of organism administered
give some examples of live attenuated vaccines
measles, mumps, rubella, polio
what is an inactivated vaccine
dead organism
