CNS development and genetics Flashcards
what intrauterine causes can affect CNS development
maternal health and disease, trauma and infection, placenta function and placenta nutririo
what extrauterine causes can affect CNS development
physical factors eg nutrition / emotional eg neglect or stimulation / exposure to drugs
when does the embryonic period end
conception - week 9
what are the 2 layers of an embryo
epiblast and hypoblast
how do cells migrate through the primitive streak and node
nodal signalling
what is gastrulation
formation of germ layers
what do the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm go on to become
ecto: skin, nails, neural tissue / endo: muscle, cartilage, bone, vascular / meso: organs
when does the neural tube form and what does it become
days 20-27 and becomes spinal cord, brain and ventricles
when is the foetal period
9 weeks to birth
what cells proliferate to form the neurocortex in the feotal period
neural progenitor cells
what makes up the neuronal network
axons and dendrites
what are the 2 stages that happen in brain development after birth
proliferation and myelination
what neural tube development problems can arise
spina bifida and anencephaly
what issues can arise from failure of brain vesicle formation
holoprosencephaly and double cortex
what does the PLP1 gene make and where is it found
myelin proteins in CNS - found on X chromosome
how can you obtain DNA in utero from the placenta
chorionic villus biopsy
how can you obtain DNA in utero from skin/ urine cells of the baby
amniocentesis
what can non-invasive paternal testing (NIPT) detect and how do you do it
foetal DNA in maternal serum: can identify sex and trisomy but rarely deletions or genes
what invasive testing can identify chromosome abnormalities
chromosome microarray
what invasive testing can identify single gene changes
PCR and next generation sequencing
when can abortions normally take place until
24 weeks
what extreme cases can warrant abortion after 24 weeks
anencephaly (without a brain), trisomy 18 (edward’s syndrome)
