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My2 Child health > Common paediatric problems > Flashcards

Common paediatric problems Flashcards

1
Q

what is different about and infants larynx and epiglottis

A

higher anterior larynx and floppy epiglottis

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2
Q

what are normal RR and HR for a child under 1

A

HR: 110-160 RR: 30-40

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3
Q

when does a childs obs become adult obs

A

12

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4
Q

what are common child presentations (13)

A

bronchiolotis/ URTI/ croup, gastroenteritis, seizures/ epilepsy, pneumonia, food allergy, heart murmur, abnormalities, asthma, viral, head injury, abdo pain, UTI, sepsis

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5
Q

what is bronchiolitis and how do you manage it

A

acute inflamm of bronchioles usually from virus - supportive treatment

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6
Q

what is croup and how do you manage it

A

laryngotracheobronchitis from viral infections - steroids

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7
Q

what are symptoms of croup

A

barking cough, cold symptoms, heavy breathing

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8
Q

what are concerning features of UTI in children (8)

A

young, frequent, non Ecoli, poor growth/ health, poor urinary flow, raised BP, renal tract abnormalities, abdo mass

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9
Q

what is constipation

A

pain, difficulty or delayed defaecation

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10
Q

what is soiling and encopresis

A

soiling is stool in underwear, encopresis is passage of stool in abnormal places (past toilet training age)

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11
Q

what are rare underlying causes of constipation

A

Hirschprung’s, anorectal disorder, neuromuscular

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12
Q

what is a red flag in neonates regarding constipations

A

delayed passage of first stool (meconium) >24 hours after birth

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13
Q

what is Hirschsprung’s disease

A

congenital abnormality with improper innervation of large intestine

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14
Q

what are symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease

A

failure to pass stool in first 48 hours, abdo distension, bile stained vomit

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15
Q

how do you treat Hirschsprung’s disease

A

fix surgically

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16
Q

what are differentials of abdo pain in a child

A

coeliac, IBD, malrotation, volvus, obstruction, intussception, appendicitis

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17
Q

what are concerning features of abdo pain in a child

A

weight loss, GI bleeding, significant vomit with bile, severe diarrhoea, recurrent mouth ulcers

18
Q

what are red flags regarding headaches

A

on walking, coughing, vomiting, gait disturbance, cranial nerve palsy

19
Q

what are cardiac red flags

A

during exercise, FH of sudden death, syncope, murmur, SOB/ pale/ sweaty, congenital heart disease

20
Q

what are symptoms of sepsis

A

core temp <36 or >38, tachycardia, altered mental state, cool peripheries

21
Q

what are the sepsis 6

A

GIVE: O2, fluids, IV ab’s
TAKE: lactate levels, UO, blood culture

22
Q

what is a classic presentation of pyloric stenosis

A

6 week old vomiting milk (bumps on abdomen that move with peristalsis)

23
Q

what is pyloric stenosis

A

pyloric muscle too thick causing upper GI obstruction

24
Q

how do you fix pyloric stenosis surgically

A

small incision in muscle

25
Q

if an neonate is vomiting green bile what is it assumed to be until proven otherwise

A

malrotation or volvulus

26
Q

what are symptoms of intussusception

A

pain that comes and goes in abdo, ‘red jelly’ stool, vomiting.

27
Q

what is seen on USS in intussusception

A

target lesion USS and pseudo kidney

28
Q

how do you treat intussusception

A

blow air through bowel via anus

29
Q

what are symptoms of appendicitis

A

very tender to movement, fever, RIF pain

30
Q

how do you identify appendicitis

A

USS

31
Q

when presenting with acute scrotum, what should you want to exclude first

A

tortured scrotum

32
Q

what is the main cause of an acute scrotum in children

A

hydatid of morgagni

33
Q

what are symptoms of hydatid of morgagni

A

BLUE DOT, small, tortured, necrotic tissue from leftover female development

34
Q

what are symptoms of idiopathic scrotal oedema

A

red, swollen, extends to peritoneum and upper groin

35
Q

how do you treat undescended testes

A 
palpable = surgery to move it down
unpalpable = lap surgery to find it
36
Q

what test is done to identify and undescended teste

A

soap bubble test

37
Q

what is paraphimosis and how do you treat it

A

foreskin can’t be pulled back over penis - squeeze out oedema

38
Q

what is BXO

A

scarring over foreskin opening

39
Q

how do you treat BXO

A

steroids or circumcision

40
Q

what is the most common congenital penile problem

A

hypospadias - urethra comes out at wrong place in penis

41
Q

what is hydrocele

A

fluid accumulation around testes

My2 Child health (8 decks)

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