Common paediatric problems Flashcards
(41 cards)
what is different about and infants larynx and epiglottis
higher anterior larynx and floppy epiglottis
what are normal RR and HR for a child under 1
HR: 110-160 RR: 30-40
when does a childs obs become adult obs
12
what are common child presentations (13)
bronchiolotis/ URTI/ croup, gastroenteritis, seizures/ epilepsy, pneumonia, food allergy, heart murmur, abnormalities, asthma, viral, head injury, abdo pain, UTI, sepsis
what is bronchiolitis and how do you manage it
acute inflamm of bronchioles usually from virus - supportive treatment
what is croup and how do you manage it
laryngotracheobronchitis from viral infections - steroids
what are symptoms of croup
barking cough, cold symptoms, heavy breathing
what are concerning features of UTI in children (8)
young, frequent, non Ecoli, poor growth/ health, poor urinary flow, raised BP, renal tract abnormalities, abdo mass
what is constipation
pain, difficulty or delayed defaecation
what is soiling and encopresis
soiling is stool in underwear, encopresis is passage of stool in abnormal places (past toilet training age)
what are rare underlying causes of constipation
Hirschprung’s, anorectal disorder, neuromuscular
what is a red flag in neonates regarding constipations
delayed passage of first stool (meconium) >24 hours after birth
what is Hirschsprung’s disease
congenital abnormality with improper innervation of large intestine
what are symptoms of Hirschsprung’s disease
failure to pass stool in first 48 hours, abdo distension, bile stained vomit
how do you treat Hirschsprung’s disease
fix surgically
what are differentials of abdo pain in a child
coeliac, IBD, malrotation, volvus, obstruction, intussception, appendicitis
what are concerning features of abdo pain in a child
weight loss, GI bleeding, significant vomit with bile, severe diarrhoea, recurrent mouth ulcers
what are red flags regarding headaches
on walking, coughing, vomiting, gait disturbance, cranial nerve palsy
what are cardiac red flags
during exercise, FH of sudden death, syncope, murmur, SOB/ pale/ sweaty, congenital heart disease
what are symptoms of sepsis
core temp <36 or >38, tachycardia, altered mental state, cool peripheries
what are the sepsis 6
GIVE: O2, fluids, IV ab’s
TAKE: lactate levels, UO, blood culture
what is a classic presentation of pyloric stenosis
6 week old vomiting milk (bumps on abdomen that move with peristalsis)
what is pyloric stenosis
pyloric muscle too thick causing upper GI obstruction
how do you fix pyloric stenosis surgically
small incision in muscle
