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My2 Child health > Normal development and delay > Flashcards

Normal development and delay Flashcards

1
Q

what is the median age a child reaches a developmental milestone

A

when 50% of the population their age have achieved that skill

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2
Q

what is the limit age when referring to developmental milestones

A

when 97.5% of the population have achieved that skill - after this it is considered delayed

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3
Q

what are the 4 main areas for developmental milestones

A

gross motor (GM), fine motor and vision (FMV), language and hearing (LH) and social behaviour and play (SBP)

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4
Q

what are considered the 5 primitive reflexes babies are born with

A

sucking and rooting/ palmar and plantar grasp/ ATNR/ Moro/ stepping and placing

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5
Q

what is the ATNR designed to do

A

atonic neck reflex - stops babies falling off of surfaces when sleeping, disappears at 4 months

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6
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 6 weeks of life

A

head control in vertical (GM), follows torch with eyes (FMV), social smile (SBP)

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7
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 3 months of life

A

head control - no lag to sit (GM), hands in midline (FMV), vocalises (HL), pleasure on friendly handling (SBP)

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8
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 6 months of life

A

sitting balance (GM), grasps toys and transfers between hands (FMV), babbles (HL), plays with feet/ strangers (SBP)

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9
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 9 months of life

A

crawling and standing holding furniture (GM), pincer grasp, can pick up small objects (FMV), imitates sounds (HL), plays peek-a-boo (SBP)

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10
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 12 months of life

A

standing/ walking (GM), bangs toys together + throws them (FMV), knows name (HL), drinks from cup/ waves (SBP)

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11
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 18 months of life

A

runs (GM), tower of 3-4 bricks (FMV), 5-20 words and knows body parts (HL), feeds with spoon (SBP)

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12
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 2 years of life

A

stairs -2 feet (GM), block of 6-7 (FMV), simple instructions - 50+ words (HL), symbolic play - can out on some clothes (SBP)

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13
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 3 years of life

A

stairs alternative feet (GM), tower of 9 - can copy circle (FMV), complex instructions and asks questions (HL) pretend play and potty trained (SBP)

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14
Q

what developmental milestones should be reached in the first 4 years of life

A

hops (GM), draws simple man (FMV), can tell stories and count to 20 (HL), understands sharing and can get fully dressed (SBP)

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15
Q

what is abnormal development

A

failure to reach a developmental milestone for their age in one or more are

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16
Q

what patterns of abnormal development are there (4)

A

global delay (multiple areas)/ specific delay in 1 or 2 areas/ deviation from normal/ regression (loss of a skill)

17
Q

what % of children have a mild learning disability and what does that mean

A

1-2% - IQ = 50-70

18
Q

what % of children have a severe learning disability and what does that mean

A

0.3%-0.5% - IQ <50

19
Q

what % of children have a specific learning disability and what does that mean

A

5-10% eg dyslexia

20
Q

what are red flags for developmental delay

A

asymmetry of movement (eg just using one hand),/ not reaching for objects age 6/ unable to sit by 12 months/ unable to walk or talk by 18/ loss of skills

21
Q

what is global delay and what term is used at school age

A

delay in 2 or more areas - becomes learning disability at school age

22
Q

give some example of global developmental delays

A

down syndrome, autism

23
Q

what specific motor delays are common

A

Duchennes dystrophy and cerebral palsy

24
Q

how do you diagnose and identify duchennes

A

gower’s manoeuvre and CK enzyme levels

25
Q

in cerebral palsy, what does hemiplegic, paraplegic and quadriplegic mean

A

hemi = one side of body/ para = legs only/ quad = all limbs

26
Q

what is considered the autistic triad

A

communication/ social interactions/ inflexibility and imagination

27
Q

what are some autistic traits

A

restricted, repetitive behaviours, sensory difficulties (noise, texture), social interactions eg turn taking, social cues, empathy, trouble understanding others emotions

28
Q

what investigations can be done for developmental delay

A

genetics: chromosomes, fragile X, NGS / bloods: neonatal PKU, thyroid studies, CK/ if indicated: MRI, ECG, metabolic studies

My2 Child health (8 decks)

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