Healthy, sick, and preterm new-borns Flashcards
when is a baby considered term
37-42 weeks completed gestation
when is a baby considered post term
42 weeks
what weight should babies be at birth
2.5-4kg
if a baby is LGA >4kg (large for gestational age) what can this indicate
gestational diabetes
what happens to a babies body weight in the 3rd trimester
gain an large amount of fat - 7g of fat per day in last 4 weeks
how much weight is a baby expected to lose in their first few days of life
5-10% body weight
what are normal RR, HR and O2 sats of a new born
RR: 40-60 / HR: 120-140 / O2 sats: 95%
what initial steps are given to caring for a new born (5)
Apgar score (>8), keep warm, keep fed, skin to skin, emotional attachment
what screening tests are given at birth
new-born tip to toe examination, hearing, hip
when is the blood spot test given and what does it test for
aged 5: CF, haemoglobinopathies, metabolic diseases, sickle cella anaemia
in the head examination what is being observed
OFC (head circumference), suture lines, forceps mark, moulding from vaginal delivery (resolves in 24 hours), cephalmaetoma and caput succedaneum
what is a cephalmaetoma and how do you identify it
bleed under the skin, never crosses suture lines, traumatic, not present at birth
what is caput succedaneum and how do you identify it
fluid filled sac on skill, crosses suture lines, present at birth, not pathological
in the mouth examination what is being observed
philtrum (smooth between lips and nose), palate, neonatal teeth, ebsteins pearls, suck and root reflex
in the resp examination what is being observed
chest shape, grunting, breath sounds, tachypnoae
in the cardio examination what is being observed
colour, O2 sats, pulses, heaves, thrills
in the abdo examination what is being observed
distension, hernia, umbilicus, bile stained vomit
in the neuro examination what is being observed
primitive reflexes, tone (floppy baby)
what areas need to be examined in the tip-to-toe new born examination
head, eyes, ears, mouth, face, resp, cardio, abdo, GI, neuro, skin and MSK
how would you treat haemorrhagic disease as result of an immature liver
Vit K IM
what infections do you need to be aware of from a maternal history
Hep B/C, HIV, TB
what is hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and what test at birth could indicate it
multi organ damage from hypoxia and a poor apgar score
what congenital cardiac abnormalities can be seen at birth
tetralogy of fallout, hypoplastic heart, coaction of the aorta
what congenital resp abnormalities can be seen at birth
trachea- oseophageal fistula, diaphragmatic disease
