PTB lecture 1 Flashcards
Therapeutic effect
desired effect determined by drug substance and dosage form by which the drug is administered (and structure)
Pharmacokinetics
How the body affects the drug (what does the body do with the drug after the drug is administered)
ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
absorption
uptake of the drug in the systemic blood circulation
distribution
the distribution of the drug to the different compartments (fluid, organs) of the body
metabolism
the chemical conversion of a drug substance by the body to different active/inactive substances (mostly by enzymes)
excretion
the removal of the drug or its metabolites from the body (via urine, bile, sweat, breath)
most direct route of drug administration
intravenous injection (bioavailability = 100%)
clearance (Cl)
the blood or plasma volume which is cleared from all drug per unite of time (ml/min)
Volume of distribution (Vd)
the apparent volume in which the drug is dissolved after administration and distribution (L/kg)
Vd =/< body volume
no concentration of the drug in organs, fluids or tissues
Vd > body volume
concentration of the drug is organs, fluids or tissues
Tmax
point in time where the maximum concentration (Cmax) of a drug is in the blood
pharmaceutical availability
fraction of a total amount of the drug that is present in the dosage form that will dissolve in the fluid of the GI tract (the fraction that dissolves)(no ME)
bioavailability
the total amount of an administered drug that reaches the systemic blood circulation in an unchanged way. (ADM) PA - fraction that was unable to pass the absorptive membrane and fraction that was metabolized
