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PTA - Therapeutic Procedures > PTA145-Unit4-eStim-Lecture > Flashcards

PTA145-Unit4-eStim-Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

electron?

A

negatively charged atomic particle

- basis of electricity

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2
Q

cathode?

A
  • negative point/pole of electric circuit

- area of high concentration of electrons

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3
Q

anode?

A
  • positive point/pole of electric circuit

- area of low concentration of electrons

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4
Q

electricity?

A

the force created by an imbalance in the number of electrons

- the force created by the movement of the electrons (what you get from current)

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5
Q

electric current?

A

the situation in which electrons flow from high concentration to low concentration
- actual movement of the force

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6
Q

closed circuit?

A

the complete pathway needed for electron flow

- will get electricity

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7
Q

open circuit?

A

incomplete pathway for electrons

  • no electron flow
  • no electricity
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8
Q

direct current?

A
  • steady flow
  • uninterrupted
  • unidirectional flow of electrons
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9
Q

alternating current?

A
  • uninterrupted
  • bidirectional flow of electrons
  • direction of flow cyclically changes from positive to negative
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10
Q

pulsed current?

A
  • monophasic or biphasic
  • ## fancy DC or AC
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11
Q

resistance?

A

the materials that tend to oppose current flow

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12
Q

insulator?

A

material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely, and therefore make it very hard to conduct an electric current under the influence of an electric field

  • contains the electricity and prevents dissipation
  • plastic on wire
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13
Q

conductor?

A

the materials that allow current to pass with relative ease

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14
Q

path of least resistance?

A

The concept is often used to describe why an object or entity takes a given path.
- ex is electricity going through muscle and blood instead of skin and fat

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15
Q

pulse?

A

flow of electrons marked by discrete periods of non-electron flow

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16
Q

phase?

A

individual sections of a single pulse

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17
Q

amplitude?

A

max distance the pulse rises above the baseline

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18
Q

phase duration?

A

the time period of the phase

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19
Q

pulse duration?

A

the time period of the pulse

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20
Q

phase duration and pulse duration?

A
  • the same thing if monophasic
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21
Q

intrapulse interval?

A

the “downtime” within the pulse

- a single pulse or phase may be interrupted by intrapulse interval

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22
Q

interpulse interval?

A

the “downtime” between the pulse

- the time between the end of one pulse and the start of the next pulse

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23
Q

biphasic, symmetrical?

A

when the two phases are mirror images of each other

- more comfortable

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24
Q

biphasic, asymmetrical?

A

when the two phases are different from each other

25
Q

biphasic, asymmetrical balanced?

A

when the charges of both phases are electrically equal

26
Q

biphasic, asymmetrical unbalanced?

A

when the charges of both phases are not electrically equal

27
Q

pulse frequency?

A
  • number of events per second
  • cycle per second (cps)
  • pulses per second (pps)
  • Hertz (Hz)
  • an adjustable output parameter
28
Q

carrier frequency?

A

the frequency in the machine itself

  • applicable for Interferential Stimulation
  • not adjustable output
29
Q

pulse rise time?

A
  • ramp up

- the amount of time needed for the pulse to reach peak value

30
Q

pulse decay time?

A
  • ramp down

- the amount of time needed for pulse to return from peak to zero

31
Q

pulse trains?

A
  • Bursts
  • currents that are regularly interrupted by periods of non-current flow
  • linked patterns repeat at regular intervals
32
Q

amplitude ramp?

A

gradual increase in amplitude of pulse train/burst

33
Q

why burst?

A

burst allows better motor recruitment

34
Q

Ohm’s Law?

A

I = V/R
current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance
- the voltage applied to the circuit must be greater than the resistance or no current will flow

35
Q

higher resistance needs __?

A

higher current

36
Q

lower resistance needs __?

A

lower current

37
Q

current = __?

A

intensity = amplitude

38
Q

which frequency more comfortable for patient?

A

higher frequency

- because higher frequency means lower tissue resistance

39
Q

Law of Dubois Reymond?

A
  1. intensity of the current must be intense enough to depolarize the cell membrane
  2. the rate of rise of the pulse must be rapid enough to prevent accommodation
  3. current must flow long enough in one direction to cause the nerve to depolarize
40
Q

current flowing in one direction?

A

the phase

41
Q

nerves that depolarize faster?

A

larger diameter nerves

42
Q

preferred rise time?

A

2 seconds

43
Q

preferred frequency for biological effects?

A

less than 1000 pps

44
Q

preferred frequency for heating effects?

A

medium - 1000 - 100,000 cps
high - greater than 100,000 cps
- as seen with diathermy

45
Q

more comfortable phase duration?

A

shorter

46
Q

why alter phase duration?

A

to activate different fibers

47
Q

why choose longer phase duration?

A
  • least comfortable
  • for SCI or peripheral nerve injuries
  • To allow denervated muscle to contract
48
Q

shortest phase duration?

A

stimulate sensory (A-beta)

49
Q

medium phase duration?

A

stimulate motor

50
Q

longest phase duration?

A

noxious (C-fiber)

51
Q

smaller burst interval?

A

fatigue faster

52
Q

name 6 types of e-stim

A
  1. NMES
  2. TENS
  3. IFC/Pre-Mod
  4. Hi-Volt
  5. Russian
  6. VMS Burst
53
Q

which e-stim for muscle re-education?

A

NMES

54
Q

which e-stim for pain control?

A

TENS

IFC/Pre-mod

55
Q

which e-stim for muscle strengthening?

A

Russian

VMS Burst

56
Q

which e-stim for edema reduction?

A

Hi-Volt

57
Q

which e-stim is monophasic?

A

Hi-Volt

58
Q

which e-stim is asymmetrical biphasic?

A

TENS

59
Q

which e-stim is symmetrical biphasic?

A

NMES

PTA - Therapeutic Procedures (10 decks)

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