Dry, Superficial heating agent Radiant/radiation High frequency modality Energy is absorbed by non- reflective surface

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Lasers consist of highly organized light (photons) that elicits physiological events in the tissues. Cold laser / Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) does not normally cause tissue destruction A modality that utilizes red and/or infrared to relieve pain or accelerate healing or decrease inflammation

PTA145-Unit3-Light Flashcards by Kimberly Crenshaw

define UV

Hot Quartz
• Contains argon gas and liquid mercury
• Electric current heats the gas and vaporizes the mercury (Use good ventilation)
• Produces some heat but is not therapeutic (means doesn’t heat tissue)
• Emission is combination ABC
Cold Quartz
• Same as Hot Quartz, but lower temperature
• 90% of the emission is UVC

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define Infrared

Dry, Superficial heating agent
Radiant/radiation
High frequency modality
Energy is absorbed by non- reflective surface

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define LASER

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Lasers consist of highly organized light (photons) that elicits physiological events in the tissues.
Cold laser / Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) does not normally cause tissue destruction
A modality that utilizes red and/or infrared to relieve pain or accelerate healing or decrease inflammation

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What is the wavelength range for UltraViolet?

180 nm to 400 nm

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What is the wavelength range for Infrared?

Greater than 780 nm
• Near: 780 nm to 1500 nm
• Far: 1500 nm to 12,500 nm

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What is the wavelength range for therapeutic LASER?

Between 650 and 1200 nm
visible, infrared
Wavelength determines the color of the light

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compare UV to visible light

Below the lower limits of visible

* Undetectable by human eye

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compare Infrared to visible light

Beyond upper limits of visible light

* Undetectable by human eye

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compare therapeutic LASER to visible light

HeNe is 632.8 nm, visible
GaAs is 904-910 nm, invisible
GaAlAs is 830 nm, invisible

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3 types of beams: UV

(3 bands)
• UVA – 320 to 400 nm
• UVB – 290 to 320 nm
• UVC – 180 to 290 nm

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2 types of beams: Infrared

Luminous/Near

- Non-luminous/Far

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describe Near Infrared

Luminous / Near
Visible light is emitted and some reflected of the skin
Greater depth of penetration 5-10 mm
Intensity determined by wattage of device

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describe Far Infrared

Non-luminous / Far
Glow is emitted from metal coils
Less penetration – 2 mm
Skin feels warmer to touch
Intensity determined by wattage of device

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3 elements of beam: LASER

Laser light is
• Monochromatic
• Collimated
• Coherent

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list 13 indications for UV

•	Wound healing
•	Slow-healing open wounds
•	Pressure sores
•	Treatment of infection
•	Treatment of psoriaris
•	Resolution of dermatitis
•	Folliculitis
•	Acne vulgaris
•	Pityriasis rosea
•	Tineal infections
•	Uremic pruritis
•	Exfoliation
•	Prevent sunburn (prior to sun exposure)
OPEN WOUND AND SKIN HEALINGS

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list 3 indications for Infrared

Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
Skin infections
Peripheral nerve injuries before electrical stimulation

list 10 indications for LASER

Wound healing
Fracture healing
Musculoskeletal pain
Myofascial pain/fibromyalgia
Trigger points
Inflammatory conditions
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis
Carpal tunnel syndrome

list 13 contraindications for UV

Liver or kidney disease
Certain cardiovascular disease
Diabetes mellitus
Tuberculosis
Hyperthyroidism
Lupus
Herpes simplex I and II
Albinism
Porphyria
Fever
Patients receiving x-ray therapy
Patients prone to sunburn or sensitive to sunlight exposure
Certain birth control pills

list 6 contraindications for Infrared

Acute inflammatory conditions
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Areas with sensory loss
Over areas of scars
Sunburns
Sleeping or unconscious patient

list 7 contraindications for LASER

Application to the eyes
Application to the thyroid gland
High-intensity application over areas of hemorrhage
Over areas of active deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis
Over cancerous areas
Do not apply to the low back or abdomen during pregnancy
Do not apply to the testicles

list 6 precautions for UV

Certain medications (e.g., tetracycline, quinolones, and psoralens),
disease states (e.g., syphilis, kidney/liver disease, lupus, and alcoholism),
foods (e.g., shellfish, strawberries, and eggs) can predispose the patient to sunburns. Identify if the patient has a history of sunburns and check with a physician regarding the history of burns or medications that the patient is taking.
Exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet light can cause keratitis and conjunctivitis. Eye protection should always be worn by the patient and the clinician.
Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can result in protein shock.
Ultraviolet radiation in the C band increases the risk of skin cancer

list 3 precautions for Infrared

Another modality should be considered if the patient lacks temperature perception
The infrared heating element does not cool during the treatment, thus providing a constant level of energy. The unchanging temperature source increases the risk of burns. Check with the patient regularly
Do not use on a sleeping or unconscious person

list 5 precautions for LASER

LLLT should not be applied within 6 months of radiation therapy
Because of unknown effects, laser should not be applied over unfused epiphyseal plates, or be administered to small children
The patient may experience dizziness during the treatment. If this occurs, discontinue the treatment. If the episode recurs, laser therapy should not be applied.
Caution should be used with patients who are taking medications that increase sensitivity to light including certain anti histamines, oral contraceptives, NSAIDs, tetracyclines, and anitdepressants.
Some tattoo ink may increase the absorption of laser energy

treatment durations for UV

based on the MED

treatment durations for Infrared

20-30 minutes | given as needed

treatment duration for LASER

depends on the type of LASER

What is MED?

Minimal Erythemal Dose - smallest dose that produces erythema within 1 to 6 hours and disappears within 24hrs

What is MED used for?

It is used to determine the least amount of UV exposure time.

Glasses for laser

What is the MED for hot UV lamps?

It depends. Must be determined for each patient and is specific for each lamp. 30 in, 32, 36 in.

What is the MED for cold UV lamps?

they use a standard MED value | but, cold lamps are applied at an intensity of E3 (third degree erythemal dose)

What is the injury response when UV is used?

- given sufficient intensity, UV energy activates the inflammatory response and triggers the release of histamine. - some evidence suggests that UV light may also stimulate the superficial growth of granulation tissue.

name 3 things specific to the UV-C band

- c-band rays kill bateria - c-band rays increase epithelization with mimmum erythema formation - c-bands rays are NOT used for treating psoriasis

tissue penetration of LASER

HeNe - 0.8-15mm directly, > 15 mm indirectly GaAs - 2 cm GaAlAs - > 2cm